YORUBAS ARE GENETICALLY 99.9% SIMILAR TO THE IGBOS

A STUDY FINDS THAT THE YORUBAS ARE GENETICALLY 99.9% SIMILAR TO THE IGBOS
JULY 22, 2018 by DON JAIDE

Study Finds that Yorubas Are Genetically 99.9% Igbo. Four of the major coastal ethnic groups of Western Africa: the Yoruba, Igbo, Akan and the Gaa-Adangbe are dissimilar at a glance and evidently geographic neighbours, but very closely related when examined at the genetic level. 

DNA is a double-stranded helix. That is each DNA molecule is comprised of two biopolymer strands coiling around each other to form a double helix structure. ... Basically, the DNA is composed of deoxyribonucleotides. The deoxyribonucleotides are linked together by 3′ – 5′phosphodiester bonds.

Emotive questions based on racial or tribal connotations, from those who are suffering from mental annexations. 

Asking a rude question like, are you in or have ever been in an interracial marriage? An intrusive question like are you mixed-race? Or, a silly question like, are you, friends, with anybody in an interracial marriage? These are some of the questions asked as a pre-condition to joining some of the black discussion groups.

Those who feel themselves in everything and everything in themselves feel no grief. How can the multiplicity of life delude those obsessed with all things singular?

Why are Black people so obsessed with shades of brown or tribal affiliations. There are over 100 shades of brown and over 1000 established and affiliated tribes in Africa. The most lethal out of the two prejudices is the tribal conflicts that can lead to civil wars. For example, the Biafran war between the Yoruba and Hausa against the Igbo who initiated the conflict cost 2 million lives and many more wounded.

Well, let us spin it around by asking them ridiculous questions like, is Bob Marley, Muhammad Ali, or Colin Karpenich black enough for the inquisitors?  Were the humongous casualties suffered by Nigeria during the civil war, worth it? These are clueless assertions, purposeless presumptions, and preposterous propositions.

Well, which people are killing other Africans, in South Africa today. Is it the mixed-race people? No. Is it interracial marriage couples? No. Is it the White people? No. They are been killed by certain Black South-Africa tribes or groups. Be very careful about what you wish for while your worst enemy is lying on the bed in warmth with you, your best friend might be freezing lying in the shed.

If spiders web unites, they can tie up an elephant. However, the unification of the spider's webs depends on the unity of the spiders regardless of the shades of the species or webs affiliations.

Several studies have been employed over the years, with findings showing the genetic similarity between different regional ethnic groups. One, in particular, conducted by Adebowale Adeyemo, Guanjie Chen, Yuanxiu Chen, the National Human Genome Centre and Howard University, and Charles Rotimi of the University of Ibadan, provided results indicating the genetic similarities between the four major West African ethnic groups.

It is important to remember that these groups were not initially split by national borders; prior to the European division of the continent, these ethnic peoples traded, migrated and wedded as the times permitted, allowing apparent regional and national mixtures that remain evident in modern-day genetic analyses of some Yoruba and Igbo individual.

Also worthy of note is the shared Volta-Niger root languages, Yoruba and Igbo languages belong to the same family (YEAI branch), showing the common start of the diverse languages spoken by these ethnicities.

Consequently, barring the inclusion of culture, ethnic affiliation and nationality, it could be said that the Yorubas, the Igbos, the Akans, and the Gaa-Adangbes are but ONE people spread over a wide area with different ways of life. Thus, discrediting any claim of a unique Yoruba “race” or a genetically insured Igbo ethnicity is often employed by politicians and traditional rulers in rhetorics and propaganda messages.

A body does not fight itself. These kinds of research serve as a balm to the much-divided heart of the ethnically-concerned West African, and to the African at large: one root, many branches; united by blood if not spirit.

For example; the Igbo God Nri also called Orunmila in Yorubaland, Thoth or Tehuti, in Egypt, Hermes Trismegistus in Greece and different names in China, Japan, Australia (Aboriginal Myth), and in both South and North Americas, cannot be unique to the Igbo tribes alone.

Furthermore, Orunmila, in order to make access to the retrieval of the Divine Message (Ifa) easy, devised the computer compatible binary coding system, thousands of years before the emergence of computer consciousness in so-called modern man! So, Ifa is preserved in binary coded format and is output Parable - Format. According to many indigenous African legends, "their gods once existed as humans and had their way of communicating. Prior to their disappearance, they left with the people a means to communicate with them in the outer realm (Oracle Divination Systems)."

In addition; the Igbo God Eshi also called Obatala in Yorubaland told us a similar story about flood and creation myth, apart from the fact that the tools employed to dry the land are slightly different. Instead of Oka Smiths, Hills, and Bellows, in Igbo Flood and Creation Mythology, the Yoruba Flood and Creation Mythology, stated a snail's shell filled with sand, a white hen, a black cat, palm nut and a Chain (Signifying DNA).

Homer in an often-quoted passage tells how the Greek gods used to go on their feast-days to Ethiopia to commune with their ancestors. Dionysius wrote, “Upon the great Atlantic (formally known as Sea of Ethiopia), near the isle of Eritrea, for his pastures famed, the sacred race of Ethiopians dwell.” The original Niger-Congo 11,000 BCE, the homeland in the general vicinity of the upper Nile valley is probably as good a hypothesis as any.

We have to remember that the Greek historian informs us what the Egyptians told him directly concerning their origins and customs. We are told by Diodorus that: They say also that the Egyptians are colonists sent out by the Ethiopians, Osiris having been the leader of the colony. And the larger part of the customs of the Egyptians are, they hold Ethiopian, the colonists still preserving their ancient manners.

Ancient Itiopi (Africa) consisted of Itiopi Proper, Westen and Central Africa,  Itiopi Inner, Southern Africa, Itiopi and Khem, Egypt. Even though Libyco-Berber is not a conventional written or spoken language like the modern one, it was instrumental in deciphering the Olmec writing.

The Niger-Kofordian language group contained Itiopi Proper, Westen and Central Africa,  Itiopi, Ethiopia. Is the Niger-Kofordian symbols the precursor to predynastic Egyptian writing?

 

Tifinagh, aka Libyco-Berber, originated from ancient Libya in Africa, previous known as Itiopi. During the pre-historic and ancient period, ancient Libya was geographically within the boundary of Itiopi Proper.

Professor L Weiner and C winter established the 13 consonants in the Olmec writing system via Libyco-Berber symbols, proofing the African origin of the Olmec writing system.

Ounjougou, Mali

Swiss archaeologist digs up West Africa's past: By Simon Bradley
THIS CONTENT WAS PUBLISHED ON JANUARY 18, 2007 10:56 AMJAN 18, 2007 - 10:56

The ravine at Ounjougou allows access to layers of sediment over 30,000 years old (Eric Huysecom) A Swiss-led team of archaeologists has discovered pieces of the oldest African pottery in central Mali, dating back to at least 9,400BC. The sensational find by Geneva University's Eric Huysecom and his international research team, at Ounjougou near the Unesco-listed Bandiagara cliffs, reveals important information about man's interaction with nature. 

The age of the sediment in which they were found suggests that the six ceramic fragments - discovered between 2002 and 2005 - are at least 11,400 years old. Most ancient ceramics from the Middle East and the central and eastern Sahara regions are 10,000 and between 9-10,000 years old, respectively. "In the beginning, the very first piece we found stayed in my desk drawer for years, as I didn't realise how old it was," Huysecom told swiss-info.

Huysecom heads a 50-strong interdisciplinary team, composed of 28 international researchers – mainly from Germany, Mali, Switzerland, France, and Britain - on the largest current archaeological research project in Africa, entitled "Human population and paleo-environment in West Africa". Ounjougou was selected as the location, "as everything led us to believe that there we could follow the evolution of man, the environment and the climate", explained Huysecom. 

The site is an archaeologist's dream: a ravine made up of layers of easy-to-date sediment rich in West African history. Since the launch of the project in 1997, the team has made numerous discoveries about ancient stone-cutting techniques and tools, and other important findings that shed light on human development in the region. But the unearthing of the ancient fragments of burnt clay is one of the most significant to date. Huysecom is convinced that pottery was invented in West Africa to enable man to adapt to climate change.

"Apart from finding the oldest ceramic in Africa, the interesting thing is that it gives us information about when and under what circumstances man can invent new things, such as pottery," he explained. "And the invention of ceramic is linked to specific environmental conditions – the transformation of the region from a desert into grassland."

Some 10,000 years ago, at the end of the ice age, the climate is thought to have fluctuated between warm and cold periods. This led to the formation of an 800-kilometre-wide band of tropical vegetation extending northwards from the Sahel region, which attracted people who slowly moved north from southern and central Africa. Wild grasses and pearl millet started sprouting on the former desert land. But for man to be able to eat and properly digest the new plants, they had to be stored and cooked in pots. 

"Man had to adapt his food and way of life by inventing pottery," said the Geneva professor. The invention of ceramic also coincided with that of small arrowheads - also discovered by the team - which were probably used to hunt hares, pheasants and other small game on the grassy plains. 

To date, East Asia – the triangle between Siberia, China, and Japan – is the only other area where similar pottery and arrowheads have been found which are as old as those in West Africa, explained Huysecom.

"This is important, as they both appear in the same way, at the same time and under similar climatic conditions, which indicates that man has certain modes of adaptation to cope with environmental changes," he commented. Ahead of the final publication of the team's research findings this year,

Huysecom is returning to Ounjougou to rejoin his colleagues, in particular, those from West Africa "who are extremely proud of the discovery".

He plans to scour the region for caves and other settlement sites to try and find out exactly where the pottery came from so as to determine more precisely the age of the fragments. "We know [from the sediment] that they are at least 11,400 years old, but they could be 50 or even 1,000 years older."

Key facts
9,400BC: the invention of pottery in Mali, West Africa.
9,400BC: first use of wild cereals in the Sahara and Sahel regions.
8,000BC: the invention of pottery in the Middle East and Sahara.
7,500BC: domestication of pigs, sheep, and goats in the Middle East.
7,000BC: domestication of cows in Africa.
5,700BC: development of irrigation in Mesopotamia.
3,800BC: use of the wheel in the Black Sea and Caucasus regions.
3,700BC: first large city, Uruk in Iraq.
3,400BC: first phonetically readable script in Egypt.

Research DNA: Adebowale Adeyemo

Guanjie Chen, Yuanxiu Chen, the National Human Genome Centre and Howard University

Charles Rotimi, University of Ibadan

Research Ounjougou: Eric Huysecom, University of Geneva

I Saw You, Black History

I Saw You Black History

You switch on your vulgar-infused smile and spread your tattered mat for my aching feet. Like a curious bird, I swooped down to take a closer look. Black culture, I saw you bemused like an alligator without a single tooth. 

The slamming clarion of Muslim mosques, 

The enchanted hymns of Christian churches, 

The melodic rhythm of divination priests, 

And the satanic clamour of mainstream media. 

Black history, I saw you like a tiger without its claws.

We are all infected with propagandist spells based on spiffs like rolling a spliff and making a fist which caused a rift, thereby costing us the feast while sifting the yeast and grabbing the wrist of the beast residing in the east. 

Black heritage, I saw you like a canoe without its paddles.

African leaders pontificating and perambulating like peerless pangs, 

They assimilate the perception of their deceivers to the degree of obsequiousness.  

Based on Parergon's knowledge of their ancient history and not the Pantagruelian version.

Meanwhile, their western handlers have stimulating banter with the punters, on the stories of hunters of immortals, cluttered with a clatter 

and must be shattered like a matter of mad hatters.

Black elite, I saw you like a cobra that has lost its fangs.

African religious bigots and their assumptions based on horror from the error that mirrored the terror, turning from editor to the auditor and predators of the matadors, clinging to the ring that no longer has bling. 

Oh, fake people of the cloth and masters of deception, I compelled you to stop your descendants, who are all dependents plus make their spitting redundant, to spare the young mind of the contestants. 

Oh Okra, mighty vegetable, use your slime to make the venomous spit miss the timing of the distance and hit the ground in an instant.  

African preachers, I saw you as an emperor without his apron.

Unethical politicians presiding over schools lacking students, 

Tables without meals and roads full of potholes. 

And night, ha, it comes with the excruciating rumble of supperless stomachs,

The unmistakenly bang of angry guns,

The occasional bawling of weeping wives,

The loud rumble of verbal jousting,

The brainless policy of teaching our children about the glory of foreign deities while having a belligerent attitude towards their own,

African elite, I saw you like a dog obsessed with eating its tail.

Shape-shifting media Skink I have spotted you long before you saw me. So, if you turn into a python, I will turn into big sharp needles. If confronted by a lion, I will turn into an elephant through your shape-shifting exploit. 

If you turned into an elephant, I would turn into soldier-ants. 

Turn into a fire, and I will turn into a river. 

Upon you turning into a rock, will make me turn into lava. 

My blood is as bitter as the spleen and inedible. 

There is nothing to be gained here but pain that will linger in your brain, unable to be washed out with rain. 

Oh, media of gloom the weapon of mass deception, the cesspool of human misery, temple of fear.  

My dear Media, with this spell, I banished thee.

Black academics still classify the study of our ancient deities as primitive and satanic while insisting that Greek mythology is classical. 

Plus the insolency of calling them primitive, barbaric and uncivilised, when they have begotten many ancient writing systems to the human race,

These assertions would lead to famine in farming from lands begotten, with fields forgotten, and plants unplanted from seeds unseeded by weeds, demanding bees for fees. 

Black educator, I saw you like a snail minus its shell.

Oh, colonial masters, cluttering our crown with their chronic chaos and spinning our spirits into spineless spooks,

For innocent he was not, the pope of the third issuing the dictums of killing them all, and all of them that the lord will recognise his own when his home alone.

The frightening freaks they found and flung were fast and furious, sometimes superior and hailed as heroes in the hall of Paul.

Their erroneous history in mystery is cryptically risky on the lips of Iscariot, the Judas jettisoned, jiggling and juggling like jagged Jake,

The destruction of Benin's wall and the Nsude pyramids, 

To hide the ancient glories of our dear departed ancestors.

Declaring to our noddle to clear their oodles while pretending to pet their poodles, we are now at Rome in our dome, 

The quest for the chest in their nest is an investment in the rest, 

We jest will test the pests.

Colonial masters, I saw you like a wolf in sheep's clothing.

Alas, in African countries, the almighty is not angry with you but, your ancestors are. 

For the wanton destruction of their sacred land,

For exchanging their ancient philosophy for meaningless isms,

For the gradual depreciation of our moral compass,

For the relentless corruption of our spiritual awareness,

For conscious and subconscious desecration of their holy sites,

For the looting of their ancient monuments,

For turning their signs of literacy, proudly worn on their faces signifying unity into tribal marks, the signature of disunity,

Making it easy to be dangled from a mangle of tangles, 

At an angle with a candle sitting on a bangle, 

With a shackle on their ankles and displayed on the mantle in the temple, 

Forced to eat an apple laced with poisonous maple or was is staples, terrible samples not quite ample. 

African countries, I saw you like a diamond that has lost its sparkle.

Almighty Lord, let the healing process begin through our ancestors with the power of nine.  

Thereby, we invoke the forces in this immensely powerful numeral and symbol.

The numeric value given and allocated to the head of the Masters of Cycles and Lords of Men, the speed of light, universal tune, the pregnancy term of human babies, is a 360-degree circle, and all it contains, like time and angles.

 

For each of the Eight Natural Law principles equates to nine by adding the ascending and descending order of the individual principle,

Starting from ground zero, the earth, which is a circle and moving swiftly upward to the root (Material and Physical Plane), many are stuck here and can never escape.

Then, moving up a level to the spleen (The Plane of Force), controlling our aggression and freeing ourselves from fear of men and spear.

The next step is the ascension to the solar plexus (The Spiritual Plane), the home of Mystic Philosophy.

Followed by upward elevation to the heart (The Plane of Devine Love),

Then, another upward level to the throat (The Plane of Devine Truth),

Followed by another ascension to the pineal gland (The Plane of Devine Reality), the third eye,

Then, another upward elevation to the pituitary gland (The Gateway of Mind and Body), the crown.

The final elevated level is the plane of separation of the mind from the body and unification with the most-high.

The unity of our mind with the highest form of self, 

Plugging our soul into the universal circuit of consciousness, the Almighty,

Repairing our bad-lucks,

Rekindling our shrunken spirit,

Freeing our visions from the veils of deceit,

Assimilating power from all things superior above and all things inferior below, 

And breathing, thinking, and seeing as one with ALL.

Written and Illustrated by S A Akinyemi

Ogham Line Alphabets, African Origin

THE OGHAM ALPHABET by Erich Fred Legner, University of California

Various authors investigating different ancient writings have referred to them as  "Ogham Script," which has led to some confusion.  Probably the most ancient and first true Ogham is the "Stick Writings" of the West African Igbo culture studied by Catherine Acholonu. 

Ikom Monolith Igboland Nigeria

These are a sequence of dots, dashes and symbols carved onto bamboo and stone.  More recent forms of Ogham were found on petroglyphs, animal bones and other substrates. I have to use the Ogham lines to confirm all sorts of West and Central African symbols (S A Akinyemi).

Beginning in the last half of the 20th Century, archaeological discoveries have revealed the existence of Pre-Columbian contacts that were made in America by explorers from Europe, Asia and Africa.  Many of these explorers left written pictographic inscriptions of their experiences in America using a phonetic “Stick Writing” that is often called Ogham, with its origin in West Africa.  These writings are found all over North America.  

However, there are few who have the linguistic skills to translate them, prominent among which is Professor Catherine Acholonu.  New discoveries of such inscriptions are being made regularly but the academic community has been negligent in giving them the attention they deserve. 

One of Professor Achonolu's Transliteration

This is of course history of importance to all of us.  

It was only recently that anyone merely suggesting that any form of written language existed in America was labelled a heretic, fool or worse.  

However, today we are reading detailed accounts of the Maya and their civilization from numerous inscriptions that were found at archaeological sites in Mexico and the South. 

Fell in 1982 submitted detailed translations of Ogam inscriptions in America.  He compared American inscriptions with those that had been found in Northern Europe dating back to the Bronze Age.   The Horse Creek Petroglyph of West Virginia is the most recent translation of the largest Petroglyph known to exist in North America.  The author, Edo Nyland, suggested that Ogam came to Ireland from North Africa with the first Gnostic missionaries who preached early Irish Christianity.

Horse Creek Petroglyph

However, very recent linguistic studies have pointed to the possibility that a phonetic alphabet reached North Africa from visitors from the North Sea and Baltic Sea civilizations much earlier. Indeed Nyland mentions inscriptions found in Ireland on a Bronze Bowl.  Nevertheless, the Gnostic missionaries believed in magic, just like the pre-Christian Irish inhabitants did. As Anthony Jackson (1993) discovered, this magic took the shape of numerical wizardry with letters. It is not known if the original Ogam had an organised alphabet but it is likely.  

The Gnostic missionaries used the script to spread the Gospel by marking their Biblical phrases on Neolithic standing stones to convert the people to Christianity. Around 650 A.D. Benedictine monks and their grammarians came to Ireland with instructions to create a distinct language to replace the "iron" language of the Irish, which they called Cruithin. They found it necessary to augment the early alphabetic script with five diphthong characters, called Forfeda and further develop it to accommodate their linguistic and literary activities. There is no doubt that these people were linguistic professionals.

To explain how Ogam inscriptions are translated, Nyland has provided a detailed process with examples.  Nevertheless, for most persons not trained in linguistics, it is difficult to fully understand.  Nyland’s explanation is as follows: 

Translation by Calder: “This is their number: five Ogmic groups, i.e., five men for each group, and one up to five for each of them, that their signs may be distinguished. 

These are their signs: right of stem, left of the stem, athwart of stem, through the stem, about the stem. Thus is a tree climbed, to wit, treading on the root of the tree first with thy right hand first and thy left hand after. Then with the stem, and against it and through it and about it. (Lines 947-951).”

McManus clarified this: "This is their number: there are five groups of Ogam and each group has five letters and each of them has from one to five scores and their orientations distinguish them. 

Their orientations are right of the stem line, left of the stem line, across the stem line, through the stem line, and around the stem line. Ogham is climbed like a tree is climbed..." (McManus 1.5).”

“By the time the fifth column of Forfeda symbols had been added, the script was written horizontally, from left to right but the above quote still appears to record the original way of vertical writing, read from the bottom up.  The original 20 symbols are shown in both the original vertical as well as the later horizontal way of writing. Most of the early inscriptions on stone in Scotland and Ireland are written in vertical form. The Ogam texts in books such as the Auraicept and on the petroglyphs in West Virginia are written in the horizontal literary tradition. 

At first sight, the peculiar arrangement of the letters in the Ogam alphabet appears to be completely unrelated to the pre-existing Greek and Latin alphabets. McManus searched elsewhere for the origin and found that "there is a clear connection with the North Etruscan alphabets". However, anthropologist Anthony Jackson from Edinburgh University discovered that the arrangement was directly related to the ordinal numbers of the letters in the Latin alphabet.“

“The total of the ordinal numbers in the Latin alphabet is 210. The 20 original Ogam characters were divided into four columns, which, arranged according to a cabalistic system of calculation, totalled 50, 50, 61 and 49 respectively:

 “The sequence of the letters within each column appears to be in relation to the primary numbers, but the calculations go further than is presented here.

“It may be seen that there are several letters missing from the Latin alphabet shown above: F, J, K, P, V, X and Y. 

The same letters are missing from the newly re-arranged Ogam alphabet. This probably means that the linguist who designed the Ogam alphabet was selective in choosing only those Latin letters that made the cabalistic calculations and arrangement possible. The V had replaced the B and the F; the I replaced the J and Y; the C and Q replaced the K; the B, a labial, took the place of P (also a labial), the character X was used for the later Ogam diphthong EA, but in the Ogam script sometimes is written as KS. It is interesting to note that Q-Celtic has no F, J or P. Neither is there a P in Arabic. Only a few words in Basque start with F, which letter may be a quite recent addition to this language; the V, C, Y and Q still do not exist in Basque, and the Basque X represents "sh".

Horizontal Ogham

Written horizontally: Note that the "f" in the horizontal script should be a "v" as it is in the vertical script.

 “The reason why all 15 consonants are listed first in the alphabet and the 5 vowels following, has to do with the special arrangement of the words in the monk's dictionary. The primary organization of their dictionary is according to the consonants. Half of the Basque language is made up of words starting with vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV, sometimes VCCV). It is mainly this half of the language that the monks used in the construction of the Romance languages and English. 

These words were then arranged according to the first consonants in the words, each consonant was then subdivided again into 25 VCV combinations such as under D: ada, ade, adi, ado, adu; eda, ede, edi, edo, edu; ida, ide ..... etc. Under each such VCV were then listed all those words with their translations which started with these three letters. This arrangement is still the best way for us to decode Ogam's writing.”

Note: The illustration above is just an instance of many viable Yoruba words that should also have been taken into account by Professor Achonolu. I will present many more instances of such illustrations in this article, (S A Akinyemi).

“From this, it must be apparent that such a special arrangement applies only to a language that is organized in the VCV style and Basque is the only language that fits the type. The syntax of modern Irish (i.e. Gaelic or Celtic) is very unsuited to this VCV system and consequently, this language cannot be written in traditional Irish Ogam. Therefore, all Ogam writing anywhere must have been in the Basque language, which means that the "iron" language of pre-Roman-Catholic Ireland was the universal language we call Ogam (= West African) today. This explains why "Celtic" scholars have been unable to translate even one single Ogam inscription correctly.”

FORFEDA REVISION: “The Forfeda revision made by the Benedictines, the addition of the five extra diphthong characters, was almost certainly accomplished in Ireland. Ogam was originally designed for record-keeping and the sending of short messages, not for literary expression. However, this is what the Benedictine monks of Ireland used it for. One of the primary purposes of the Benedictine Order was the replacement of the ancient pre-Christian, gylanic oriented, language with a church-approved one. The syntax of the Basque language was ideally suited for the agglutination of new words, which then appeared to have no relationship to the original language. The VCV formula made this possible. 

However, traditions governing this ancient formula did not allow two vowels to be written side-by-side without a space separation, which demanded separate words. This rule created problems and restrictions for those writing in the script. The monks wished to simplify the rules of writing.  They created words and names with diphthongs in them, the invention of five new "Forfeda" characters permitting the combination of ea, oi, ui, io and ae, the use of which then also allowed these to be part of the creation of new words starting with eha, ohi, uhi, iho and ahe. 

The design of the characters they created was totally out of style with the original script. McManus observed that they "missed the opportunity of completing the symmetry of the system by having the fifth series mirror the third in the way that the second mirror the first" (McManus 1.2).

“To consider what "forfeda" really means, the monks obviously were not very happy to be forced to use the "heathen" Ogam script but found nothing quite as clever, brief and useful to replace it with, until they had invented their new Celtic language. In the following analysis of "Forfeda", the first "f" has to be a "b", a common letter shift; (the second "f" is correct).”

 “The word "forfeda" breaks up into four three-letter VCV roots, ebo-ori-ife-eda, each composed of vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV), with the vowels interlocking to form a chain of interdependent roots. This joining is the main characteristic of Ogam writing, is basic to all Ogam inscriptions and is indispensable in deciphering. Any missing (purposely removed) vowels in the words analysed are represented by a dot until identified. 

Forfeda symbols are never eliminated. The monks later overstated this word to "Foirfeadha", to make it look as if the word had originated with the "Celtic" language, which is characterized by an excess of unnecessary vowels and h's. Some remarks in the Auraicept pertain to the creation of Forfeda characters such as: IN LEBOR OGAIM. in.-.le-ebo-oro-oga-ahi-im.; (5465 etc)

Innovate by carefully developing a similar wealth of timeless characters.

Note: there is no break in the interconnected vowels, even though the text is broken into three  "words".

TRANSLATION ROUTE: Ogam translation requires the following steps:

Step 1. Transliterate the Ogam characters into our Latin letters,

Step 2. Replace the letters c, q, v, w, y with equivalent Basque letters, c and q become k, v becomes b, the y becomes i.

Step 3. Arrange these corrected letters into the VCVCV format, placing dots where vowels are missing,

Step 4. Fit these letters into the VCV formula,

Step 5. List the various meanings underneath each VCV,

Step 6. Arrange the hidden sentence.

EXAMPLE TRANSLATIONS

“One way to explain the process is with a few examples of real Ogam inscriptions, take for instance:

"Cunovato".(Macalister #11.)

Step 1. The middle part of the inscription was badly damaged, but after much study, Dr Jost Gippert at  Frankfurt University decided that it should read:

"Cunavato"

 Step 2. All Ogams in Ireland are based on the Basque language, however, Basque does not have a "C" or a "V", so the inscription will now read

"Kunabato"

Step 3. When fitting the letters in the VCVCVCVCV format, it appears that only one, the first vowel, is missing, which must therefore be represented by a dot. The inscription to be translated now reads:

".kunabato".

Step 4. There are four consonants so this VCVCVCVCV line is then broken up by hyphens into four three-letter VCV's in which the V's on either side of the hyphens are the same (called interlocking): VCV1-V1CV2-V2CV3-V3CV, which therefore represents four words:

.ku-una-aba-ato

Step 5. With the preliminaries out of the way, the next step in decoding an Ogam inscription is to list the possible meanings underneath each VCV. In the case of the one missing vowel, all five possibilities must be tried (aku, eku, iku, oku, uku) as follows:

Step 6. To discover the hidden sentence we must match up the words that obviously belong together, starting with the complete VCV's. For instance, take the pair aba and ato and immediately out pops priest and come!, "The priest says: Come!". Why would he say come!? "To stimulate" (aku) your "boredom" (una). The translation of CUNAVATO is therefore

"The priest will stimulate your boredom; come!"

“The completed words are: akuilatu (to stimulate) unadora (boredom) abade (priest) ator! (Come!). That is exactly what one would expect a missionary to say, it's his job.”

“Infrequently more than one reasonable meaning appears in which case there is a problem. Postpone this and return to it later as often new insight will be obtained and the proper translation might be obtained.  From the following, it will be apparent that this is not an exact science. Guessing the mood of the monk who made up the word can be entertaining.”

Example #2

Following is the decoding of an Ogam inscription that has two vowels missing (Macalister # 364):

Step 1. barcuni

Step 2. barkuni

Step 3. .bar.kuni

Step 4.  .ba-ar.-.ku-uni

Step 5.  Three VCV's have a vowel missing. Each of those represents five VCV's e.g. .ba can be aba, eba, iba, oba or uba.

”Go to the VCV dictionary and list the possible meanings under each of these five VCV's. Do the same with .ar and .ku

The last one, uni, is complete and only has a few possible meanings.”

Step 6. When assembling the sentence built into the inscription, keep in mind who the people were that carved it. The words that pop out immediately are "evangelist" and "priest" under eba, which goes together with "prayer" under are: "the evangelist's prayers" . What do they do? They give peace of mind, under eku. The sentence, therefore, reads: "The evangelist's prayers (give you) general peace of mind". The four words completed are then: ebanjelari (evangelist) arren (prayer) ekurutasun (peace of mind) unibertsal (general).

Example #3: “The decoding of the more complicated Ogam inscriptions is difficult to fit into the internet restrictions. However, the reader now has an idea of how decoding is accomplished. 

A third example is considerably larger and will therefore be presented in a different manner, which has the disadvantage of not being able to show how the missing vowel is recovered.”

Step 1.  Bladnach cogradedena and Bladnach cuilen

“McManus (page 132) and Macalister  (#1086, 1949) show the second word as Cogracetena, which is incorrect. Both inscriptions are found on a bronze-hanging bowl, likely an incense burner dug up from a swamp in County Kerry. "They are inscribed along the upper surface of the rim and on one of the escutcheons" (McManus7.6)”

Step 2. Bladnak kogradedena and Bladnak kuilen.

Step 3. .B.lad.nak. .kog.radedena and .B.lad.nak. .kuilen

Step 4. .B.-.la-ad.-.na-ak. .ko-og.-.ra-ade-ede-ena, and .B.-.la-ad.-.na-ak. .ku-ile-en.

Step 5. This time the given VCV's are placed along the left border:

Step 6. The story of the Cross prepares us for that ultimate remembrance while preparing for the breaking of the bread (for His) suffering (while we) confide in the Lord.

The story of the cross prepares me for that ultimate everlasting peace of mind (which will) come over me.

Discussion: “All words and many names in any invented language have known meanings. This is not the case with the words written in Ogam and this fact does not make the job of decoding any easier. In addition, no effort was made to allow easy pronunciation. On the contrary, all ingenuity was aimed at ensuring that the writing looked as awkward as possible so that only specialists would be able to interpret it. This disguising was done mostly by applying the VCV Code and the removal of as many vowels as possible.  This followed the example of Hebrew where often no vowels are left at all; such as the name Talmud (Oral Law) being written as "lmd", originally from tala-muda, tala (watch out) mudatu (to alter): "watch out for alteration", or freely translated: "pass on unaltered", which is what an oral law is all about. The meaning of the word Talmud today has been accepted as something like "instruction".

“In Scotland, several of the Christian Ogams were inscribed aggressively over the pre-existing animal- and geometrical symbols/totems which had been carved in the 7th century. These symbols organized marriages and other cooperative arrangements between groups of (usually) four tribes (Jackson) and ever since had been regarded with great respect by the population. The overwriting was probably done to destroy the "magical powers" of the "heathen" symbols. Deciphering the Ogams usually poses no real problem as long as the inscription is complete and legible.”

Consonant Ratings

 “In analyzing Ogam inscriptions and names or words, especially those from which too many vowels have been removed, it may be helpful to know which consonants are easier to decode than others. 

Nyland devised a rating system that he found helpful. It involves writing down all the possible VCV combinations and then counting only those that are found in Aulestia's dictionary. For instance, take "F":

“Out of the 25 VCV possibilities of "F", only the six capitalised VCV's in red are the first letters of existing Basque words: afa (pleasing, supper), ifa (north), ife (infernal, hell), ifi (from ibi, to be, to go), ofi (craftsman, official), ufa (panting, blowing, scornful). The rating of the consonant "F" is therefore 6, making it the second easiest of all letters to find meanings for. The ratings of all the consonants are as follows:

“The use of the letter "R" in the inscriptions poses somewhat of a problem because no distinction is made between "R" and "RR", each having its own set of 23 VCV combinations. Also, the large number of words associated with each combination of this letter makes it sometimes difficult to select the appropriate word. The analysis of the "R" or "RR" is therefore usually kept to the last.”

IGBO / OGAM VCV DICTIONARY: Catherine Acholonu's Explanation of The Ogam Language

"All the words that Nyland and Fell transcribed were Igbo words, which Dr Catherine Acholonu could easily read and translate. She told Edo Nyland that she had translated the words he transcribed from Ogam stones, but he didn't believe her at first. When Hugo Kennes found Dr Acholonu's work on the Internet and started telling all the Ogam researchers he knew including Nyland, Nyland then asked him to get an Igbo dictionary from her.  It was only after her meeting with Pellech in Belgium when she "read "all Acholonu's books and convinced her to write for her site, that it was decided to do the "Igbo Ogam VCV Dictionary

Nyland's use of the word Saharan might not be too far off the mark. He just didn't bother to check West Africa, which has language links with North Africa because the direction of migrations from the Niger has been North-South as well as South-North through the Ages. For example, the Berber etymology of 'Barbarian' is related to Igbo in the sense that (according to Herodotus) the word means 'stranger'.

(The Igbo word for "stranger" is Obiarabia)

"Catherine Acholonu's thesis is that Egypt was the main outpost from where West African Kwa (Kwush/Kush) culture was exported to the rest of the world. Igbo is the Mega-Kwa language - the Kushite mother language. Kush is the major bearer of this civilisation. Ethiopia was not just an East African location but lay West too. 

According to Homer, it was in Sunset Ethiopia that the Gods congregated, and the people were called "the Blameless Ethiopians in whose land the gods held banquets". Dr Acholonu's group discovered the lost city of this Pre-historic Civilisation, with its array of beautiful bronze and pottery works, lost to living memory and posing an enigma to African and World History."

"Catherine Acholonu's analyses of the early archaeology of Sumer and of the Akkadian/Sumerian/Canaanite (Semitic) languages shows that all of them without exception were children of the Igbo language and that the earliest inhabitants of Sumer had Igbo lifestyles in religion, architecture, clothing, etc., even in the recipe for soap-making (wood-ash/potash boiled in oil).

Note: Point of correction on Professor Acholonu's assertion that "Akkadian/Sumerian/Canaanite (Semitic) languages shows that all of them without exception were children of the Igbo language and that the earliest inhabitants of Sumer had Igbo lifestyles in religion, architecture, clothing, etc." I have presented to you many instances of Yoruba words via an illustration that are viable as well as other languages in West Africa. My next article will be about the research undertaken to determine the genetic affinity between Igbo and Yoruba tribes.

The reasons for her supposition might be due to her lack of Knowledge of the Yoruba words or she is suffering from Igbo-centricity. Through the creation myths, culture, genes and geographical location the Igbo and Yoruba shared common ancestry. For example, the Igbo creator God is called Erin and the Yoruba version is Obatala.

In fact, I proposed that ogham lines started as facial scarring of the deities, elite or initiates as an early writing system, which can only be understood or written by those privies to the secret. It started as a unifying factor, but later ultimately became a sign of disunity in form of tribal marks. S A Akinyemi.

A STUDY FINDS THAT THE YORUBAS ARE GENETICALLY 99.9% SIMILAR TO THE IGBOS
JULY 22, 2018 by DON JAIDE

Study Finds that Yorubas Are Genetically 99.9% Igbo. Four of the major coastal ethnic groups of Western Africa: the Yoruba, Igbo, Akan and the Gaa-Adangbe are dissimilar at a glance and evidently geographic neighbours, but very closely related when examined at the genetic level. The next subject matter of my next blog.

Publisher: Ohio State University. Middle East Studies Centre. To learn more about Ogam lines please click here 

Gnostic Bible, The 34 hidden letters and Messages in Bismillar Al-Rahman Al-Rahim, Islamic Mystical Literature: Initiation and Prophecies of Djehuiti, Thoth, or Hermes and Atum There is a true story behind the Zombie legends.

Edited and illustrated by S A Akinyemi