Yoruba, Japanese, Indian, Egyptian, and Chinese, Creation Story

Yoruba Creation Story

The difference between the Ifa creation story and Yoruba mythology is that the former predated the latter by thousands of years. The Yoruba mythology is the fourth stage of evolution. It is about cycles of existence, destruction and replenishment. However, there are still many affinities between the two stories.

Creation Illustration

Once upon a time, there was only the sky above, water and marshland below. Olorun (owner of heaven) ruled the sky, and the goddess Olokun ruled below the heaven. Obatala, another god, reflected upon this situation and then went to Olorun for permission to create dry land for all kinds of life forms to inhabit. After he got permission, he sought advice from Orunmila, the oldest son of Olorun and the god of prophecy and writing.

Before starting his journey to Earth, Obatala needed a gold chain long enough to reach below, the shell of a snail filled with sand, a white hen, a black cat, and a palm nut, all of which he was to carry in a bag. All the gods contributed what gold they had, and Orunmila supplied the articles for the bag. When all was ready, Obatala hung the chain from a corner of the sky, placed the bag over his shoulder, and started the downward climb. The gold chain symbolises human DNA.

Obatala

When he reached the end of the chain, he saw he still had some distance to go. Orunmila instructed Obatala from above to pour the sand from the snail shell and to immediately release the white hen. Obatala did what Orunmila said, and wherever the hen landed on the sand, it began scratching and scattering it about. Wherever the sand settled, it formed dry land, with bulkier piles becoming hills and the smaller piles valleys. Obatala jumped to a hill and named the place Ife. 

And the world was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God flew over the waters, Genesis Chapter 1 verse 2. In Genesis Chapter 1, verses 8 and 9, God made the firmament and divided the waters under from above, and it was so. And God called it Heaven, and the evening and morning were the second day.

Obatala soon found clay to mould figures like him and started his task, but he soon grew tired and decided to take a break. He made wine from a nearby palm tree and drank bowl after bowl. As a direct result of Obatala’s intoxication, he assembled many mentally and physically impaired human beings. Once sober, Obatala comprehended what an atrocious job he did. So God created man in his image, in the image of God, male and female, Genesis Chapter 1 verse 27.

The Principles and Binary Number of the Opele Divination Chain

First, He promised never to drink alcohol again nor allowed it near his shrine. Second, he became the patron Saint of disabled people. The foundation of analysis in Ifá is a systematised graphic translation of the results of the random presentation of the divination objects, among which the chain (Opele) and palm nuts (ikin) are the most prestigious. 

Tribute to Orunmila 

Fig 1 The Sacred Wall of Orunmila

Orunmila! The witness of fate Second to Oludumare (God or The Supreme Architect)) Thou are far more efficient than medicine, the Immense orbit that averts the day of death. My Lord Almighty, you saved the mysterious Spirit that fought death. To Thee, a salutation is first due in the morning.

Thou are the Equilibrium that adjusts World Forces. Thou art the One whose exertion is to reconstruct the creature of the debauched lot. Repairer of terrible luck, He who knows thee becomes immortal Lord, the indisputable king, perfect in the House of Wisdom! My Lord! Infinite in knowledge! Orunmila, not knowing thee is futile, but if we knew thee comprehensively, all would be well with humans. Ase o, Amen, Amun or Amen-Re.

Japanese Creation Mythology

Once upon a time, all the elements were admixtures with one germ of life. This germ began to mix things around and around until the heavier part sank and the lighter part rose. A muddy sea originated that covered the entire Earth. From this ocean grew a green shoot. It continued growing until it reached the clouds, transforming into a god. Soon, this god grew lonely, and it began to create other gods. 

The last two gods it made, Izanagi and Izanami, were the most remarkable. One day, while walking, they looked down on the ocean and wondered what was beneath it. Izanagi thrust his staff into the waters, and while pulling it back up, clumps of mud fell back into the sea. They began to harden and grow until they became the islands of Japan. 

Japanese Creation Mythology

The mode of transport from the city of heaven by Olofin Otete was a mystical chain, symbolising the umbilical cord in the Ifa creation narrative. Ifa creation narrative is similar to the statement; from this ocean, which grew a green shoot, in the Japanese version. The Japanese account also confirmed the Yoruba version, stating: 

When all was ready, Obatala hung the chain from a corner of the sky, placed the bag over his shoulder, and started the downward climb. Wherever the sand settled, it formed dry land, with bulkier piles becoming hills and the smaller piles valleys. However, in the Japanese chronicle, the growth of the green shoot was in the opposite direction.

Indian Creation Story

A lotus flower grew from the navel of Lord Vishnu with Brahma sitting on it. Brahma separated the flower into heaven, Earth and sky. Out of loneliness, Brahma split himself into two to create a male and a female. From this male and female, all beings existed. Let us compare the previous sentence to the Ifa creation story. 

The first human being he created is Enibieni (person in person), and she is a female. Enibieni was fourteen when she arrived on Earth with 450,000 herbs. She married Olofin Otete, and they had eight twins. It is very similar to the assertion that out of loneliness, Brahma split himself into two to create a male and a female. 

Lord Vishnu

In addition, Orunmila is the mysterious Babalawo who cast divination for Aye. He challenged Aye and stated that his reason for the divine session was loneliness. Aye confessed and agreed with Orunmila and said the world is devoid of human beings. It is another example of two common themes between Indian and Ifa world creation mythology.

Egyptian Creation Story: Hermopolis

The creation myth promulgated in the city of Hermopolis focused on the nature of the universe before world creation. The inherent qualities of the primaeval waters are represented by a set of eight gods called the Ogdoad. The goddess Naunet and her male counterpart Nu represented the stagnant primordial water itself; Huh and his counterpart Hauhet represented the water's infinite extent; Kek and Kauket personified the darkness present within it; and Amun and Amaunet represented its hidden and unknowable nature, in contrast to the tangible world of the living. 

The primaeval waters were part of the creation process, and the deities representing them were perceived as creator gods. According to the myth, the eight gods are divided into male and female groups. They were symbolically depicted as aquatic creatures because they dwelt within the water: the males were portrayed as frogs and the females as snakes. These two groups eventually converged, resulting in a great upheaval, which produced the pyramidal mound. From it emerged the sun, which rose into the sky to light the world.

Sumerian Creation Myth

The first world creation occurred during the existence of Apsu (Seawater) = One who existed from the beginning, and Tiamat (Freshwater) = The Maiden of life. Fresh and Sea waters mingled to become the first Adam and Eve. All marine life forms were supposed to have evolved from Fresh and Sea waters. 

They existed during the First Moon or Silver Cycle, known as the morning. And the world was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God flew over the waters, Genesis Chapter 1 verse 2. 

An Image of Atum

The second stage of  Earth occurred in the era of Lahmu (Mr. Mud) the deity of war, and Lahamu (Mrs. Mud) the lady of the battle. They existed during the first Sun cycle, known as evening. Then, the gods materialised within them. Lahmu (Mr. Mud) and Lahamu Mrs. Mud manifested by the name and emerged before they had grown in age and stature. So God created man in his image, in the image of God, male and female, Genesis Chapter 1 verse 27.

Egyptian Creation Story: Memphis

The Memphite version of creation centred on Ptah, the patron god of craftsmen. As such, he represented the craftsman's ability to envision a finished product and shape raw materials to create that product. The Memphite theology said that Ptah similarly created the world. Unlike the other Egyptian creations, it was not a physical but an intellectual creation by the Word and the Mind of God. 

The ideas developed within Ptah's heart (regarded by the Egyptians as the seat of human thought)  formed when he named them with his tongue. By speaking these names, Ptah produced the gods and all other things. The Memphite creation myth coexisted with that of Heliopolis, as Ptah's creative thought and speech were believed to have caused the formation of Atum and the Ennead. Ptah was also associated with Tatjenen, the god who personified the pyramidal mound.

Images of Pataeke/Pataikos Son of Ptah

Egyptian Creation Story: Thebes

Theban theology claimed that Amun was not merely a member of the Ogdoad but the hidden force behind creation. There is a conflation of all notions of creation into the personality of Amun, emphasising how Amun transcends all other deities in his being "beyond the sky and the underworld. One Theban myth likened Amun's act of creation to the call of a goose, which broke the stillness of the primaeval waters and caused the Ogdoad and Ennead to form. 

Amun was separate from the world, and his true nature was concealed even from the other gods. At the same time, however, because he was the ultimate source of creation, all the gods, including the other creators, were merely aspects of Amun. Amun eventually became the supreme god of the Egyptian pantheon because of this belief.

Amun is synonymous with the growth of Thebes as a religious capital. But it is the columned halls, obelisks, colossal statues, wall reliefs, and hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Theban temples that we look to gain the impression of Amun's superiority. Thebes was thought of as the location of the emergence of the primordial mound at the beginning of time. Anath.

Chinese Creation Chronology 

Image of Pan Gu

A mixture of yin and yang — female-male, aggressive-passive, cold-hot, dark-light, and wet-dry, contained chaos in a colossal egg. Within this yin and yang was Pan Gu, who broke forth from the egg as the giant who separated chaos into the many opposites, including Earth and sky. 

However, Taoists believe in Tao, the Great Mother: empty yet inexhaustible, giving birth to infinite worlds from emptiness. 

One of the eight Akamara (the Universal Spirit of the Universe), a powerful being, oversaw the making of the Universe. Akamara is the end of nothingness and the beginning of existence. 

The common theme between Chinese and Ifa creation stories is the materialisation of infinite worlds from emptiness. Figure 1 is the sacred symbol of the wall of Orunmila, bearing an uncanny resemblance to the Taoist Tao, containing yins and yangs.

The end of part 2. In Part 3 we will explore Sumerian, Biblical,  Cherokee, and Salinan Creation Mythology. Other Publications: Creation Story Part 1, Ancient Mathematics, Occultism and Astrology Part 1 2 3. King Solomon of Israel, Vs, Pharaoh, Amenemope The Immaculate Conception, an amazing deception Ifa, Sacred Geometry, Tetrahedron, Odu, Portals, Points The Baptismal Ceremony of The Gospel Of The Egyptians To learn more: A Study Finds that Yorubas Are Genetically 99.9% Igbo. There is a true story behind the Zombie legends. Ogham line alphabets, African Origin. This video presentation concentrated on prehistoric and ancient cultures in Africa and elsewhere. Namely, Gabon, Zambia, Nigeria, Mali, Chad, Congo, Khem, South Africa and Ethiopia. Gnostic Bible, The 34 Hidden Letters and Messages in Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim, Islamic Mystical Literature: Initiation and Prophecies of Djehuiti, Thoth, or Hermes and Atum

Ifa, World Creation Story, Akamara, Olodumare, Odus, Orishas, Obatala, Ogun and Ile-Ife

 Ifa World Creation Story Part 1

Before the existence of the Universe, there were eight Akamaras, including Olodumare. According to Ifa, the creation of our planet, in the beginning, does not involve Olodumare because it was the fourth stage of construction, not the first.  Oludumare or Eledumare is one of the eight Akamara before the Holyverse (Universe) existed. Oludumare is the Supreme God of our solar system. Most Akamaras controlled the Galaxies and Solar Systems. In Ifa, there is no such thing as a universe but Holyverse.

The Holyverse or Universe

The Eight Akamaras

One of the Akamara (A) (the Universal Spirit of the Universe), a powerful being, oversaw the making of the Universe. Akamara (A) is the end of nothingness and the beginning of existence. However, Taoists believe in Tao, the Great Mother: empty yet inexhaustible, giving birth to infinite worlds from emptiness. The first thing Akamara created is a grain of sand. Many Akamaras are neither female nor male. After the grain of sand, he breathes dew (Iri) on it to enable the growth of different gasses.

Akamara (A)  created another super deity (Origun), higher than the other 800 Orishas or Irumoles (Yoruba deities). The duty of Origun was to coordinate the expansion of various chapters or houses (galaxies) that kept moving and expanding, becoming very hot.

The temperature of the gasses got extremely hot, and nothing could survive it. So, Akamara created another fantastic being, Babaasemuogunsuwon, to cool the gasses down. After cooling down, solidification of the gasses began, and they became stars. After the formation of the stars, their rotations became chaotic as they collided. Meanwhile, Akamara created another Superb being, Oluiwaye, to control their movements, making it orderly and anticlockwise. 

Ifa Odus Represented Galaxies, Chapters or Houses

The sacred verse in Ogbe Ofun (binary 0101.1111) Holy Verses bears testament to the era when the orderly movements of the stars occurred. One of the Holy Verses in Ogbe Oyeku chapter stated stubbornness copulated with doggedness because tenacity wanted to become the god of helter-skelter and misdirection at the crossroad of stars formation, cast divination for the cult of Shasha, the divinator of heaven. According to one of the Holy Verses in the Irosun Owonrin (binary 0011.1100), immortal beings resided inside the moon before the origin of the USA and their Space program.

It is reasonable to suggest that the first things created are different kinds of gasses, followed by galaxies, stars, and planets. Even the Holy Bible stated before creation, our world was void. In addition, the origin of Buddhism is the void. The first thing Akamara created was a grain of sand, which expanded and became very hot due to his breath to become galaxies, then gasses turning to stars, and finally planets, the fourth stage. 

Our Solar System

Manifestation of Olodumare and Orunmila

During the fourth stage, Olodumare created our solar system and put Aye (Earth), another divine being, in charge of our world, who is not an Akamara but ranked above the 800 Orishas or Irumoles. And Aye sought a casting of divination before embarking on the responsibility Olodumare mandated. 

Aye searched and found an Orisha requesting a divinatory session while the Earth was still in a state of nothingness because there were no objects to cast it. 

To solve this problem, the chosen Orisha placed his hand on the ground, and upon lifting his palm, the odu magically appeared. The Odu that manifested is Oyeku on the left and Ogbe to the right. Orunmila is the mysterious Babalawo that cast divination for Aye. 

He challenged Aye and stated that his reason for the divine session was loneliness. Aye confessed and agreed with Orunmila and said the world is devoid of human beings. Orunmila also told Aye that another deity was coming mightier than everybody in the solar system. He replied Okay, asking what to do. Orunmila told him to gather objects to perform a sacrifice. A bowl made on another planet was the chosen container for the collected sacrificial items. 

After sacrificing, the rainbow (Oshumare) started oozing out of the bowl and continued for 333 days, according to Ifa. As soon as the rainbow expired, a supreme deity manifested, and both Orunmila and Aye prostrated to him. The name of this entity is Oloduikoko. He owned the mysterious bowl from another planet, ejecting rainbow. 

The full name of this being is Oloduikoko Oshumare, changed to Oloduikokooshumare, the origin of the name Olodumare. And that is the story of Olodumare (the Supreme God), his first manifestation in our solar system. After materialisation, he summoned all the 801 Orishas from everywhere and divided them into three. Furthermore, Olodumare placed 200 Orishas on his left-hand side and another 200 on his left hand permanently, with the remaining 401 interchanging between heaven and Earth.

Orunmila

Formation of the Orishas

Olodumare then chose Ogun, one of the 801 Orishas and told him to chart a path from our solar system to Earth. The other attribute of Ogun is astrological pathfinding, not just the god of war. 

Ogun arrived on Earth with several other Orishas. And he brought wood from other planets with him. As soon as Ogun arrived, all the other Orishas, including him,  got on with their designated work. The job was hard, relentless and tiresome. 

All the Orishas started losing their energy due to a lack of food (no plant or marine life, just a void). They do not need food to survive on their planets. 

However, the Orishas must obey the natural laws on Earth. They all have to eat to live on our planet. Eventually, the mission failed, and the Orishas left and reported back to Olodumare. Olodumare summoned Obatala out of 801 Orishas, asking him to finish the uncompleted task. 

Obatala utilised the astronomical path previously charted by Ogun to travel to our world. He arrived on Earth accompanied by eight other Orishas. The names of the eight Orisha that came with Obatala are Alanu, Olore, Shugbemi, Fagbemiti, Loshuntoro, Oroko, Lamugbe and Iye. Even though Obatala brought large quantities of water with him, it still needed to be more sustainable for incessant labour for a long duration. After persistent toiling without food, the Orishas gave up and returned to Olodumare to report their failure again.

Olodumare called Orunmila (their second encounter) and told him to go and complete the job. Before embarking on the journey, Orunmila consulted some Babalawos in heaven for a divination session, and the Odu that transpired is Eji Ogbe (1111.1111). The divination forecast advised Orunmila to take plenty of Ase (Spirit of Energy), food and seeds to plant on Earth. And the first seed to germinate is Efo Tete. 

Symbol of Obatala

Orunmila also brought 1,4060 herbs with him and gave 60 to another Orisha called Osanyin. Orunmila planted all the herbs he had left. Meanwhile, Osanyin began to manipulate the 60 plants given to him and became disagreeable. 

Orunmila returned to heaven to report to Olodumare that the mission was accomplished and received a blessing. Ogun and Obatala also went to Olodumare with Orunmila, who asked Ogun what he ate while residing on Earth and queried the other Orishas, asking the same question.

Ogun replied wood, and Olodumare nicknamed him wood eater (Ajegi). Obatala replied, water, and he nicknamed him a water drinker (Amomi). Orunmila replied, food, and he nicknamed him a food eater (Jeunjeun). 

For example, in Yoruba culture, when you wake up, the first action taken is to Runpako (chew chewing stick), representing Ogun. The second step is to use water to gaggle, cleaning the chewing stick residues, signifying Obatala. Finally, with a clean mouth, you are ready to eat your food, symbolising Orunmila. Olodumare summoned two young Orishas and tasked the first Olorududu with supporting the Earth at the North Pole and the second Olobilkin in the South. 

The Materialisation of Super Beings

Meanwhile, Orisha Olokun Ijinji (the primordial one), a male, was already residing on Earth. There are four different kinds of Olokun. Strategically placed in the world were six pots given to Olokun Ijinji. After a while, the water in the six pots began to dwindle, inhibiting other entities from their daily cleansing routine. Olokun Ijinji and the other entities consulted Ifa and made many sacrifices as forecasted to alleviate their water problem. During his consultation with Ifa, Olokun Ijinji utilised all 256 odus and made offerings to the rest of the Orishas (about 800).

Orisha Olorududu and Olobilikin Supporting Earth

Olosa, another water deity, had the same problem as Olokun Ijinji but much worse because her volume of water was even less. Olosa also made sacrifices to 128 odus to remedy the situation. However, the Earth was still devoid of oxygen, but the plants previously planted by Orunmila and Osanyin began to flourish in a carbon dioxide-rich environment, producing a small amount of oxygen. 

Orunmila created more entities called Eniyan, who are not human. The Eniyans were technologically advanced entities, and their job was to manipulate all the elements and plants in the world. As soon as the Eniyans got to work, oxygen level rose considerably, and everybody benefitted, including the plants and themselves. 

Olodumare Decided to answer the prayers of Olokun and Olosa by overwhelming the Earth with water from below. However, the current was too strong, and our planet was covered with water, killing almost everything. 

Orisha Olokun symbols

A few Eniyans and many powerful entities survived. After the flood subsided, Olodumare called Obatala again and told him to fix the world. 

Obatala failed again because as soon as the plants on Earth recovered from the flood, he made alcohol, got badly intoxicated and returned to Olodumare. However, Olofin Otete volunteered to go and finish the uncompleted task of Obatala.

 He is the first manifestation of Oduduwa. Olofin Otete was the primordial Oduduwa. His mode of transport from the city of heaven was a mystical chain, symbolising the umbilical cord. When he arrived on Earth, he met seven extraordinary women who survived the flood. 

Orisha Ogun Voodoo Symbol

The names of these seven women are Afoori, Amoori, Okemowo, Ogemese, Ogomagoari and the others (unbeknown) are called Iyamis. They are the initiators and manifestation of the Eniyans. During this time, no human existed on our planet. Finally, Olodumare decided to create a human being because there were none in the world apart from the 801 Orishas and other entities. 

The first human being he created is Enibieni (person in person), and she is a female. Enibieni was fourteen when she arrived on Earth with 450,000 herbs. She married Olofin Otete, and they had eight twins. Meanwhile, Olodumare monitored what was unfolding on Earth, including another resident deity (Omolugbo). As the children of Enibieni and Olofin Otete grew up, the temptation of incest increased because they were the only humans in the world. 

Orisha Eshu

Once aware of the situation, Omolugbo contacted Olodumare, who decided to create more human beings. Olodumare Immediately created 2,000 more humans. Eshu Odara had to travel the cosmos to retrieve the first grain of sand made by Akamara as a building block for human production. Olodumare put Obatala in charge of the construction of human beings. 

At the final stage of creation, Obatala injected fluid into the male and female beings (an Egg and sperm), including Ase (Spirit of Energy), to enable embryo development. Obatala possesses every male before ejaculation, kickstarting embryo development after ejaculating through Ase begotten to men. Olodumare declared that every child coming from heaven would use the same mode of transport as Olofin Otete, the umbilical cord. 

When Olodumare materialised for the first time in front of Orunmila and Aye, putting his hand on the ground to cast divination, the Odu that transpired was Odi on the right and Irosun on the left. So, reading from right to left, the binary number for Odi (1100) and Irosun (1001) is 1100.1001. 

All of us are the product of Olofin Otete, Obatala, Orunmila, Ogun, Oshoshi and Eshu Odara, overseen by Olodumare.  Ogun built the bones in our body, hence the names Ako Irin (male iron) and Obi Irin (female iron). The name later became Okunrin (a boy) and Obinrin (a girl). Babaasemuogunsuwon and Oluiwaye were responsible for the elements that created our world and the anticlockwise rotation.

Ile-Ife has earned many enviable appellations, which are:

Ile-Ife, ile Owuro, the land of the most ancient days 

Ile-Ife, Oodaye, where the word of creation took place 

Ile-Ife, Ibi ti ojumo ti mowa, where the first  day of dawn manifested

Ile-Ife, Ori aye gbogbo, head of the whole world

Ile-Ife, Ooye Lagbo, city of the survivors.

The language spoken was Ife and not Yoruba. 

Odu (Galaxy) of Eji Ogbe, Ese (Holy Verses) 

The Ifa literary corpus, called odu, consists of 256 parts subdivided into holy verses called ese, whose exact number is unknown because of the constant increment (around 800 ese per odu (chapter) = 240,800). The formula for calculating the 240,800 Holy verses originated from N=8 ternary 2-structures. However, Ifa also has an N=8 ternary 3-structures, and to calculate the sum of the Holy verses, we multiply 6,561 by 800 = 5,248,800 divine messages.

The hierarchy of the sixteen major Odus (Chapters) of Ifa is as follows:

Orisha Oshoshi

1. Eji Ogbe is the perfect alignment of destiny (Pure Lights), adapting it to self-destination. Characteristic: good behaviour and deeds
2. Oyeku Meji is black holes (Death) signifying the end of a cycle. Characteristic: the end of illness, poverty, loneliness, and so on
3. Iwori Meji focuses on the ability to identify real possibilities in life. Characteristic: Commerce and wealth
4. Odi Meji is about sealing something in a ceremony to guarantee manifestation. Characteristic: the spirit of the female reproductive organ
5. Irosun Meji is the stable and inflexible reality that comes before us. Characteristic: Osun, the spirit that protects the head and past 
6. Owonri Meji says the solidification of the past lays the foundation for the future. Characteristic: spectrum of human potential manifestations
7. Obara Meji is the incarnation of human humility. Characteristic: struggles between arrogance and humility
8. Okanran Meji is the first step to accessing your ability to create abundance. Characteristic: change of direction in human life
9. Ogunda Meji is about the courage needed to take responsibility for your problems. Characteristic: Ibi (bad) and Ire (Good) and facing your problems head-on 

   

   Enibieni Artistic Impression

   
   
10. Osa Meji is the story of interactions between humans and birds after coexistence, which ended in tragedy for the birds. Characteristic: Eshu (Guardian of the crossroad between heaven and Earth) told humans to break the taboo and kill birds for food, subjugating human beings to worshipping Eleye (the Spiritual King of the Birds), asking it for assistance. 
11. Ika Meji is about Keeping away from evil ideas, actions and vocalisations, stipulating that evil does not pay. Characteristic: Good deeds, words and thoughts that should encourage the blessing of Olodumare
12. Oturupon Meji is the image of instability within the forces on Earth. Characteristic: Egungun (Spirit of the Ancestors), conflict resolutions from courage
13. Otura Meji is peace, harmony, love and light through a thorough examination of the mind, heart and soul to find infinite wisdom. Characteristic: Growing our spiritual power using peace, harmony, love and light with our mind, heart and soul
14. Irete Meji is about Orunmila asserting that initiation to Ifa guarantees long life and good health. Characteristic: Orunmila rituals and sacrifices lead to the fulfilment of life and happiness.
15. Ose Meji is the story of a woman desperate to have children but could not until performing a sacrifice to Ifa. Characteristic: human fertility and financial gain 
16. Ofun Meji is the alignment of a person to their destiny, receiving blessings due to prayers and spiritual discipline. Characteristic: Ogbe Ofun 0101.1111, prayers and spiritual discipline

Sumerian, Yoruba vs. Biblical  Creation Myth

The first replenishing of the world occurred during the existence of Apsu (Seawater) = One who existed from the beginning, and Tiamat (Freshwater) = The Maiden of life. Fresh and Sea waters mingled to become the first Adam and Eve. All marine life forms were supposed to have evolved from Fresh and Sea waters. They existed during the First Moon or Silver Cycle, known as the morning. 

And the world was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God flew over the waters, Genesis Chapter 1 verse 2. 

Olofin Otete and the Umbilica Cord Artistic Impression

The Yoruba version stated, there was only the sky above, water and marshland below. Olorun (owner of heaven) ruled the sky, and the goddess Olokun ruled below the heaven. Obatala, another god, reflected upon this situation and then went to Olorun for permission to create dry land for all kinds of life forms to inhabit.

The end of part 1. In Part 2 we will explore Yoruba, Japanese, Indian, Egyptian, and Chinese, Creation Stories. Other Publications: Ancient Mathematics, Occultism and Astrology Part 1 2 3. King Solomon of Israel, Vs, Pharaoh, Amenemope The Immaculate Conception, an amazing deception Ifa, Sacred Geometry, Tetrahedron, Odu, Portals, Points The Baptismal Ceremony of The Gospel Of The Egyptians To learn more: A Study Finds that Yorubas Are Genetically 99.9% Igbo. There is a true story behind the Zombie legends. Ogham line alphabets, African Origin. This video presentation concentrated on prehistoric and ancient cultures in Africa and elsewhere. Namely, Gabon, Zambia, Nigeria, Mali, Chad, Congo, Khem, South Africa and Ethiopia. Gnostic Bible, The 34 Hidden Letters and Messages in Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim, Islamic Mystical Literature: Initiation and Prophecies of Djehuiti, Thoth, or Hermes and Atum

Mathematics, Geomancy, Arabic, Ilm Al Raml, Musa al-Khwarizmi, Sylvester James Gates, Thomas Fuller

Mathematics, Geomancy, Arabic,  Ilm Al Raml, Musa al-Khwarizmi, Sylvester James Gates, Thomas Fuller, Final Part

Arabic Geomancy

Ilm Al Raml (the science of the sands)

Ilm al-ghayb (the occult sciences)

Ilm al-Ḥurūf (the science of letters)

It is essential to situate mathematical concepts within atypical cultural and historical contexts that essentialize mathematical thought as embodied expressions of human endeavours. There is an ongoing investigation into the mathematical structures underlying an ancient historical and cultural divination practice known as ilm al-raml (Arabic translation of sand science). Principled by sociohistorical and sociocultural lenses, the study employs an ethnomathematical methodology. 

Ilm Al Raml (the science of the sands)

Geomancy is a method of divination that interprets markings on the ground or the patterns formed by tossed handfuls of soil, rocks, or sand. The most prevalent form of divinatory geomancy involves interpretation. Interpretation commences with a series of 16 figures formed by a randomized process including recursion, followed by analyzing them, often augmented with astrological interpretations. King Richard II thought geomancy was a greater discipline that included philosophy, science, and alchemic elements.

Richard II, also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until 1399. He was the son of Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales, and Joan, Countess of Kent. Wikipedia

Born: 6 January 1367, Bordeaux, France 

Ilm Al Raml (The Science of the Sands) Binary codes and Elements

Died: 14 February 1400, Pontefract Castle, Pontefract

Siblings: Edward of Angoulême, John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, MORE

Spouse: Isabella of Valois (m. 1396–1400), Anne of Bohemia (m. 1382–1394)

Parents: Edward the Black Prince, Joan of Kent

Deposed dates: 1377, 29 September 1399

Many people from different social classes practised geomancy in the Middle Ages. Geomancy was a popular form of divination in Europe, particularly during the Middle Ages, except in Africa and Asia. Renaissance, although in Renaissance magic, geomancy was classified as one of the seven "forbidden arts", along with necromancy, hydromancy, aeromancy, pyromancy, chiromancy (palmistry), and scapulimancy. 

Ilm Al Raml (the science of the sands) Elements

The word geomancy from Late Greek *γεωμαντεία *geōmanteía translates literally to (earth divination); it is a calque translation of the Arabic term ilm al-raml or the "science of the sand". Earlier Greek renditions of this word borrowed the Arabic word raml ("sand"), rendering it as rhamplion or rabolion. Other Arabic names for geomancy include khatt al-raml and darb al-raml. 

The reference in Hermetic texts to the mythical Ṭumṭum al-Hindi potentially points to an Indian origin, although Stephen Skinner  thinks this unlikely. Having an Arabic origin is most likely because the expansive trade routes of Arabian merchants[when?] would facilitate the exchange of culture and knowledge.

One of the Symbol of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn

European scholars and universities started translating Arabic texts and Treatises in the early Middle Ages, including those on geomancy. Isidore of Seville (560 – 636 AD) lists geomancy with other methods of divination – including pyromancy, hydromancy, aeromancy, and necromancy – without describing its application or methods. The poem Experimentarius, attributed to Bernardus Silvestris, who wrote in the middle of the 12th century, was a verse translation of a work on astrological geomancy. 

One of the first discourses on geomancy translated into Latin was the Ars Geomantiae of Hugh of Santalla (fl. early 12th century). By this point, geomancy must have been an established divination system in Arabic-speaking areas of Africa and the Middle East. However, archaeological, oral and symbolic evidence counter the Arab originator assertion. 

Sikidy Board Hierarchy

Other translators, such as Gerard of Cremona, also produced new translations of geomancy that incorporated astrological elements and techniques ignored by many.  

More European scholars studied and applied geomancy, writing substantial Treatises. Henry Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535 AD), Christopher Cattan (La Géomancie du Seigneur Christofe de Cattan (1558 AD), and John Heydon (1629 – 1667 AD) produced oft-cited and well-studied Treatises on geomancy, along with other philosophers, occultists, and theologians until the 17th century, when interest in occultism and divination began to dwindle due to the rise of the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Reason.

Geomancy underwent a revival in the 19th century when renewed interest in the occult arose due to the works of Robert Thomas Cross (1850–1923 AD) and Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803–1873 AD). Franz Hartmann published his text, The Principles of Astrological Geomancy (English translation: 1889) spurred new interest in the divination system. 

Based on this and a few older texts, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (founded in 1887 AD) began the task of recollecting knowledge on geomancy along with other occult subjects, like Aleister Crowley (1875–1947 AD) published his works that integrated various occultistic systems of knowledge. However, due to the short time, the members of the Golden Dawn desired to learn, practice, and teach the old occult arts, many elaborate systems of divination and ritual had to be compressed, losing much in the process. In effect, they had reduced geomancy from a complex art of interpretation and skill in recognizing patterns to looking up predefined answers based on pairs of figures.

Generating Geomantic Charts

Geomancy requires the geomancer to create sixteen lines of points or marks without counting, creating sixteen random numbers. Without taking note of the number of points made, the geomancer provides the seemingly random mechanism needed for most forms of divination. Once produced, the geomancer marks off two by two until either one or two points remain in the line. Mathematically, this is the same as drawing two dots if the number is even or one if the number is odd. 

Taking these leftover points in groups of four, they form the first four geomantic figures and form the basis for the regeneration of the remaining figures. Once finished, the "inspired" portion of the geomantic reading expires; what remains is algorithmic calculation.

Traditionally, geomancy requires a surface of sand and the hands or a stick, but also equally well with a wax tablet and stylus or a pen and paper. In divination, ritualistic objects may or may not apply. When drawing marks or figures, geomancers proceed from right to left as a tradition from geomancy's origins, and it is not mandatory. Modern methods of geomancy include, in addition to the traditional ways: 

Random number generators or thrown objects; others include counting the eyes on potatoes. Some practitioners use specific cards,  each representing a single geomantic figure; in this case, only four cards are drawn after shuffling. Specified machines are needed to generate completed geomantic charts.

The figures are recorded into a specialized table, known as the shield chart, which illustrates the recursive processes reminiscent of the Cantor set that forms the figures. The first four figures are the matres or Mothers and form the basis for the rest of the figures in the chart; they occupy the first four houses in the upper right-hand corner such that the first Mother is to the far right, the second Mother is to her left, and so on (continuing the right-to-left tradition).

The following four figures, the filiae, or Daughters, are formed by rearranging the lines used in the Mothers: the first Daughter is formed by taking the first line from the first, second, third, and fourth Mothers in order and rearranging them to be the first Daughter's first, second, third, and fourth lines, respectively. The process is done similarly for the second Daughter using the second line from the Mother, and so on. The Daughters are placed in the next four houses in order on the same row as the Mothers.

After the formation of eight matres and filiae, the generation of four nepotes (or Nieces) is by adding those pairs of figures that rest above the houses of the respective Niece. Including the first and second Mothers added to form the first Niece, the third and fourth Mothers added to become the second Niece, and so on. 

Here, addition involves summing the points in the respective lines of the parents. If the sum is an even number, the resulting figure's line will have two points; if the sum is odd, it is one point. Conceptually, this is the same procedure in mathematical logic as the exclusive or, where a line with two points is used instead of "false" and with one point instead of "true".

The calculation of the binary numbers of the four nepotes, the two testes (or Witnesses) is the same as the nepotes: the first and second Nieces form the Right Witness, and the third and fourth Nieces form the Left Witness. Creating the index or judge technique is the same as the Witnesses. A sixteenth figure, the Reconciler or superiudex, is also generated by adding the Judge and the First Mother. Nowadays, it is seen as extraneous and a "backup figure" in recent times.

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

D’Ambrosio (1985, 1999 ) and Knijnik’s (2000) 

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, or al-Khwarizmi, was a Persian polymath from Khwarazm who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. 

He was appointed around 820 AD as the astronomer and head of the library of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. 

Born: Khwarazm

Died: Baghdad, Iraq

Full name: Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī

Era: Islamic Golden Age (Abbasid era)

Influenced: Abu Kamil

Main interests: Mathematics, astronomy, geography

Fractals

Fractals are the repetition of similar patterns at ever-diminishing scales. Fractal geometry has emerged as one of the most exciting frontiers on the border between mathematics and information technology. It is in many of the swirling patterns produced by computer graphics.

Fractals

Sylvester James Gates

When physicist James Gates discovered recurring codes that dictate the behaviour of every sub-atomic element in the universe, he named it Adinkra. 

Sylvester James Gates Jr. (born on 15/12/1950), known as S. James Gates Jr. or Jim Gates, is an American theoretical physicist who works on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory. 

Sylvester James Gates

Jim Gates holds the Clark Leadership Chair in Science with the physics department at the University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences. 

Gates is an affiliate with the University of Maryland School of Public Policy. 

He served under former President Barack Obama. 

He was a member of the Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.

Thomas Fuller

Thomas Fuller (1710 – December 1790), also known as Negro Demus and the Virginia Calculator, was an enslaved African renowned for his mathematical abilities. Born in Africa, likely between present-day Liberia and Benin, Fuller was enslaved and shipped to America in 1724 AD at age 14. He became the legal property of Elizabeth Cox of Alexandria, Virginia. 

Thomas Fuller

Despite his mathematical skills, Fuller needed to be more literate. Ethnomathematics researcher Ron Eglash theorizes that Fuller could have been Bassari, comparing his abilities to their mathematical traditions. Before colonialism, the Bassari used to have specialists trained in the memorization of sums.

Bassari People 

A Bassari Woman

The Bassari people are African people living in Senegal, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau. The total population is between 10,000 and 30,000. The Bassari mainly resided on either side of the Senegal-Guinea border southwest of Kedougou, Kédougou Region. 

These areas are referred to in French as Pays-Bassari, or liyan in the Bassari language. The Bassari speak a Tenda language, o-niyan, and call themselves a-liyan, pl. bi-liyan. Most of the group are animists, with a significant minority of Christians (both Catholic and Protestant). 

The Bassari have close relations with the Fula people centred locally in the nearby hills of the Fouta Djallon.

The end of the final part. Other Publications: Ancient Mathematics, Occultism and Astrology Part 1 King Solomon of Israel, Vs, Pharaoh, Amenemope The Immaculate Conception, an amazing deception Ifa, Sacred Geometry, Tetrahedron, Odu, Portals, Points The Baptismal Ceremony of The Gospel Of The Egyptians To learn more: A Study Finds that Yorubas Are Genetically 99.9% Igbo. There is a true story behind the Zombie legends. Ogham line alphabets, African Origin. This video presentation concentrated on prehistoric and ancient cultures in Africa and elsewhere. Namely, Gabon, Zambia, Nigeria, Mali, Chad, Congo, Khem, South Africa and Ethiopia. Gnostic Bible, The 34 Hidden Letters and Messages in Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim, Islamic Mystical Literature: Initiation and Prophecies of Djehuiti, Thoth, or Hermes and Atum

Ancient Mathematics, Ifa, Chinese, Sikidy and Geomancy Divination Systems, Part 2

Ancient Mathematics, Ifa, Chinese, Sikidy and Geomancy Divination Systems Part 2

Sacred Geometry is a complex and sophisticated science that requires objective study and subjective meditation. The most crucial shape in understanding possession by Ela is the tetrahedron. If you turn a sphere into a three-sided pyramid with the base at 19.5 degrees below the equator and the apex at the North Pole, the result should be a tetrahedron.

Illustration of Odu Portal Points

To complete Odu patterns, a Babalawo needed two tetrahedrons, with the apex of the top one on the North Pole and the bottom one on the South Pole, generating eight portal points. The Babalawos will then employ the pure philosophy of Ifa to decipher the portal points meaning.

To open portals, place the second three-sided pyramid inside a sphere with the base at 19.5 degrees above the equator and the apex at the South Pole. In Ifa, these portals or Odu means womb. Each point where the pyramid makes contact with the circumference of the sphere is a portal for Odu, which is the point of entry for light from the Invisible realm into the Visible Realm (Orun and Aye, heaven and earth). 

Illustration of Yoruba Multiplication Technique

The top tetrahedron and bottom pyramid counter-rotate in 255 of the basis of energy patterns rotate in opposite directions to create gravity. The blueprint called Eji Ogbe is anti-gravitational because both pyramids rotate in the same direction, eliminating polar tension. This pattern is one of the top secrets of alchemy. The remaining 240 Odus out of 256 are minor odus called Amulus (Admixtures). 

In the process of divination, Ifa priests employ the use of a complex system of signs/codes. These codes are widely studied, and to foster in-depth understanding, researchers have considered them vis-a-vis their relationship with other fields of study, for instance, carried out code characteristics of Ifa signatures akin to binary operation in computer science. 

Amulu

The need for further study of these codes is supported by those who opined that despite several studies devoted to it in recent times, Ifa remains an intractable subject for many, a bewildering cellar of ancient wisdom, and this is not only due to the complex web of fetish associated with it but also to the paraphernalia and elaborate divination procedure incidental to life.

According to Ifa divination mythology, the generation of the signature codes occurs during divination. These codes, in conjunction with the entire Ifa divination system, possesses a large spectrum of properties that demands exploration still, only a few of these properties have, and it led to a lack of basic understanding of the working of the divination system and a high level of misconception about Ifa. Ifa thus becomes unattractive, considered obsolete and evil in some parts of African society and beyond. 

Chinese Divination System

In the middle of Figure 1 is the symbol of Tàijí, "the Extreme Ultimate". Tàijí is the unity from which everything originates: it splits into duality, the duality splits in four, and the four splits in eight. 

Figure 1

The Taoist universe consists of an infinity of binary data - yins and yangs constantly turning into each other. The only unchanging thing is the ultimate principle itself. 

Trigram symbols are everywhere. The flag of South Korea contains four symmetrical three-bit binary numbers. 

In the Feng Shui system (mega-fashionable in the West nowadays), you may even hang binary numbers on your walls because you believe in their magical power of modifying the energies inside the building.

Three bits is the smallest binary number that allows a "true RGB palette" (one bit for each red, green and blue component). 

Incidentally, the Chinese trigrams are also traditionally associated with colours. The image below Figure 2 presents the six-bit binary combinations in two different arrangements: an eight-by-eight matrix (in ascending binary order) and a "xiantian"-ordered circle. 

The figure was composed in the 11th century by Shào Yong, the famous philosopher and oracle who believed it was the original "xiantian" order in which the legendary emperor, Fú Xi, discovered the hexagrams millennia ago. Centuries later, the German philosopher G.W. Leibniz received a copy of this figure from Jesuit missionaries trying to convert Chinese people to Christianity.

Figure 2

Leibniz was so astonished by this figure that he wrote the first European text about binary mathematics (Explication de l'arithmetique binaire, 1705 AD). Leibniz later wrote some interesting stuff about the relationship of binary numbers to the very essence of the universe, but that's a different story. Yì Jing ("I Ching") is an ancient book with sixty-four hexagrams and associates them with names and mysterious verses. 

It is basically an oracular handbook ("Give me a random number, and I'll tell you what lies ahead"). However, due to its highly-honoured status in Chinese culture, its "message" has been thoroughly examined during the millennia. The properties of the six-bit binary numbers are examined as whole entities (symmetry, yin/yang constitution, visual shape) and in small pieces (the properties of every sub-trigram and the properties of each bit separately). 

In the Pythagorean numerology, natural numbers had mystical properties and even personalities, including similar numerology applied to binary combinations in ancient China. In the Yì Jing divination, each line of the result can be either static or changing (the resulting hexagram turning into some other hexagram). 

Figure 3

It gives 4096 possible readings. A man named Chiao Kan actually wrote 4096 rhymed verses to describe every possible transition. After this, philosophers started to speculate about interchanging evolutions. 

In the words of Shú Xi, if from the 12-line diagrams we continue generating undivided and divided lines, eventually we come to 24-line totalling 16,777,216 changes. 

Taking 4,096 and multiplying it by itself also gives this sum. Expanding, we do not know where it ultimately ends. 

Although we cannot see its usefulness, it is sufficient to show that the Way of Change is inexhaustible. No one was prolific in a lifetime enough to write out all the 16,777,216 second-order transitions. 

However, what makes the six-bit code especially divine even for modern people is its application in the genetic code that describes the hardware of every living organism on this planet. (In fact, a "genetic byte" consists of three symbols from an alphabet of four, but the amount of information is exactly the same).

Rhind Papyrus

The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus is one of the best-known examples of ancient Egyptian mathematics. Alexander Henry Rhind, a Scottish antiquarian, purchased the Papyrus in 1858 AD in Luxor, Egypt, and named it after him. The awareness of the whereabouts of the Rhind Papyrus became known during illegal excavations in or near the Ramesseum. 

Rhind Papyrus

It dates to around 1550 BC.

Author: August Eisenlohr

Date: Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

Language(s): Egyptian (Hieratic)

Place of origin: Thebes

Moscow Mathematical Papyrus 

Moscow Mathematical Papyrus

The Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, also named the Golenishchev Mathematical Papyrus after its first non-Egyptian owner, Egyptologist Vladimir Golenishchev, is an ancient Egyptian mathematical papyrus containing several problems in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. 

Owner: Vladimir Golenishchev

Date: 13th dynasty, Second Intermediate Period of Egypt

Euclid

Euclid was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Credited with the accolade of the father of geometry, he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century.

Died: Alexandria, Egypt

Nationality: Greek

Influenced: Isaac Newton, Apollonius of Perga, and more

Inspired by Pythagoras, Thales of Miletus, Eudoxus of Cnidus, Hippocrates of Chios, and Theaetetus.

Sikidy Divination System of Madagascar

The study of divination and divination systems, particularly in so-called non-technological societies, presents unusual problems that challenge the core of rational and epistemic thought. Even so, the strenuous efforts in researching cultural genres, such as religion, magic, and myth, fall short of distinguishing constituent theoretical and ontological underpinnings of divinatory principles. 

Sikidy's Order

Ifa ((West Africa), Haiti, Cuba, Brazil, Caribbean, America)) the four-tablet system (South Africa) and Sikidy (Madagascar). 

The first step in Sikidy is to arbitrate four columns of four bits (a four-by-four matrix). 

The arbitration of one bit usually happens by grabbing a handful of seeds from a bag and removing two at a time until only one or two are left. 

The remaining seeds must be placed properly on the Sikidy board. 

Sikidy processing gives a new meaning to the concept of (random number seed). 

The random columns ( Mother-Sikidy) are in the upper right corner. 

The values of the columns from right to left, bottom to top, are 1010, 1001, 1011, and 0010. 

The next thing to do is to form the Daughter-Sikidy by rotating and flipping the matrix.

Mother Sikidy

The rightmost column of the Mother-Sikidy (bottom to top) becomes the top row (left to right) of the Daughter-Sikidy, and so forth. 

Our Daughter-Sikidy (placed to the left of the Mother-Sikidy) is 0110, 1101, 0000, and 0111. 

The rest is pure binary arithmetic. 

The columns below the Mother-Sikidy and Daughter-Sikidy are formed by eXclusive-ORing each pair of columns: (1010 XOR 1001 = 0011), (1011 XOR 0010 = 1001), (0110 XOR 1101 = 1011) and (0000 XOR 0111 = 0111). 

Daughter Sikidy

As for the witnesses, it is (0011 XOR 1001 = 1010) and (1011 XOR 0111 = 1100). The Xor operator might look complicated but it is simple, for example, if you add (1010 to 1100 = (2110) we have to change the two, which is even to zero (0110) the binary number of the judge).

The image above shows an example of a completed Sikidy board. 

This process is repeated to all the new lines until only one column is left (the bottom column, 0110 in the example). 

We now have a complete Sikidy tableau, right to left (1010, 1001, 1011, 0010, 0110, 1101, 0000, and 0111) Mother Sikidy, Daughter Sikidy (0011, 1001, 1011 and 0111), Witnesses (1010 and 1100) and the Judge (0110), what is left is the interpretation. 

Witnesses and the Judge

Each of the sixteen Sikidy binary values has meaning, and each memory slot has a designated definition. 

The Sikidy system was also adopted by Arabs (under the name of ilm Al-raml, the science of sand), and from Arabs, it even spread to Europe in the Middle Ages. 

The end of part 2 and the final part will follow soon. Other Publications: Ancient Mathematics, Occultism and Astrology Part 1 King Solomon of Israel, Vs, Pharaoh, Amenemope The Immaculate Conception, an amazing deception Ifa, Sacred Geometry, Tetrahedron, Odu, Portals, Points The Baptismal Ceremony of The Gospel Of The Egyptians To learn more: A Study Finds that Yorubas Are Genetically 99.9% Igbo. There is a true story behind the Zombie legends. Ogham line alphabets, African Origin. This video presentation concentrated on prehistoric and ancient cultures in Africa and elsewhere. Namely, Gabon, Zambia, Nigeria, Mali, Chad, Congo, Khem, South Africa and Ethiopia. Gnostic Bible, The 34 Hidden Letters and Messages in Bismillah Al-Rahman Al-Rahim, Islamic Mystical Literature: Initiation and Prophecies of Djehuiti, Thoth, or Hermes and Atum