ZOMBIE POWDER AND LEGENDS: A SCIENTIFIC STUDY
The Zombie legends have many variations, including the regurgitated Hollywood versions, which are all false. There is a true story behind the Zombie legends. Zombie Legend is a misadventure from various ventures that took a true story from our culture and stuffed it with vultures via their lectures, all conjecture.
CONTENT:
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ZOMBIE POWDER
THE INGREDIENTS IN ZOMBIE POWDER
HISTORY OF PUFFERFISH AND TETRODOTOXIN: A CHINESE PHARMACOPOEIA
TETRODOTOXIN (TTX)
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| Translated From Voodoo Alphabet to Letters and Words |
THE METHOD OF CONVERSION FROM INGREDIENT TO ZOMBIE POWDER
TETRODOTOXIN (TTX) POISON TOXICITY
SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF TETRODOTOXIN (TTX)
CLAIRVIUS NARCISSE
THE PURPOSE OF ZOMBIE POWDER
BONUS TIP: THE INGREDIENTS NEEDED TO TREAT MALARIA FEVER
CONCLUSION
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ZOMBIE POWDER: What are the main ingredients in Zombie powder? What is the prevalent chemical in Zombie powder? What is the method behind preparing the powder? What purpose is the powder utilised for? Why create a Zombie powder?
THE INGREDIENTS IN ZOMBIE POWDER
The Shamans and medicine men amongst the slaves created a
unique serum. This powder gives all the effects of death. A form of this serum
is called Zombie Powder.
"Religion Voodoo", An Article in the 1995 A.D.
August Edition Of "Focus," The Serum Contains:
One human Skull and Assorted bones blessed Vegetable oil.
Two blue Agama lizards and a Toad called 'Crapaud Bonga' (Bufo-marinus).
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| Zombie Powder Ingredients |
One sea snake (a polychaete worm), a sprig f tch-tch, "albizzia", several pods of itching pea, "Pois Gratter", two preferably female and must be the Chequered-Pufferfish (Sphoeroides testudineus), the Sea Toad, "Crapaud de Mer".
Add tarantulas, millipedes, and white tree frogs to taste.
The Prevalent Chemical in Zombie Powder is Tetrodotoxin (TTX): Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes. And it includes porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; many of these species carry the toxin. In addition, several other aquatic animals (e.g., blue-ringed octopuses, chequered-pufferfish, rough-skinned newts, and moon snails) also contain (TTX).
HISTORY OF PUFFERFISH AND TETRODOTOXIN: A CHINESE PHARMACOPOEIA
The therapeutic uses of pufferfish (Tetraodon) eggs were in the first Chinese pharmacopoeia Pen-T'so Ching, The Book of Herbs, allegedly 2838–2698 BC by Shénnóng Ben Cao Jing. But a later date is more likely. (Tetraodon) eggs were classified as having medium toxicity but could have a tonic effect when used at the correct dose. The principal use was to arrest convulsive diseases. In the Pen-Tso Kang Mu (Index Herbacea or The Great Herbal by Li Shih-Chen, 1596): Some types of the fish Ho-Tun (the current Chinese name for tetraodon) recognised as both toxic and (using the correct dose), could be used to prepare a tonic.
Increasing toxicity in Ho-Tun became more apparent in fish caught at sea (rather than in a river) after March. It became evident that the most poisonous parts were the liver and eggs. But that toxicity could be reduced by soaking the eggs, noting that tetrodotoxin is slightly water-soluble and soluble at 1 mg/mL in mildly acidic solutions. The German physician Engelbert Kaempfer, in his A History of Japan (translated and published in English in 1727).
Kaempfer described how well-known the toxic effects of the fish were, to the extent of its application for suicide, and that the emperor specifically decreed that soldiers were not permitted to eat it. There is also evidence from other sources that knowledge of such toxicity was widespread throughout Southeast Asia and India.
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| Other Marine Life Containing Tetrodotoxin |
The first recorded cases of TTX poisoning affecting
Westerners are from the logs of Captain James Cook from 7 September 1774. Cook
recorded his crew eating some local tropic fish (pufferfish), then feeding the
remains to the pigs on board. The men experienced numbness and shortness of
breath, while the pigs were all found dead the following day.
In hindsight, the crew survived a mild dose of tetrodotoxin while the pigs ate the pufferfish body parts that contain most of the toxin, thus being fatally poisoned. The toxin was first isolated and named in 1909 by Japanese scientist Dr Yoshizumi Tahara. It was one of the agents studied by Japan's Unit 731, which evaluated biological weapons on human subjects in the 1930s.
Tetrodotoxin materialised through certain infecting or
symbiotic bacteria like Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio and other
variations found in animals. Zombie powder consists of about 85% tetrodotoxin.
(TTX) prevents the nervous system from carrying messages and inhibiting muscles from flexing in response to nervous stimulation. Its mechanism of action, selective blocking of the sodium channel, was shown definitively in 1964 by Toshio Narahashi and John W. Moore at Duke University, using the sucrose-gap voltage clamp technique.
Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. (Site 1), is situated at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channel, thereby blocking the passage of sodium ions into the nerve cell (which is ultimately necessary for nerve conduction); neo-saxitoxin and several of the conotoxins also bind the same site.
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| Tetrodotoxin (TTX) |
Using this toxin as a biochemical probe has elucidated two
types of voltage-gated sodium channels in humans: the tetrodotoxin-sensitive
voltage-gated sodium channel (TTX-s Na+ channel) and the tetrodotoxin-resistant
voltage-gated sodium channel (TTX-r Na+ channel).
Cardiac muscle tissue, or myocardium, is the specialised muscle tissue that forms the heart. This muscle tissue contracts and expands involuntarily. And it oversees keeping the heart pumping blood around the body. TTX and its analogues have historically been agents for use as chemical tool compounds, for use in channel characterisation and fundamental studies of channel function. The prevalence of TTX-s Na+ channels in the central nervous system makes tetrodotoxin a valuable agent for silencing neural activity within a cell culture.
THE METHOD OF CONVERSION FROM INGREDIENT TO ZOMBIE POWDER
The potion or Coup Poudre should be prepared in June when
the female Chequered-Pufferfish contains more tetrodotoxin. Be careful not to
touch the mixture because skin absorption is highly likely. Tie the snake to
the Toad's leg, put them in a jar and bury it. It will make the Toad "die
of rage", which increases the concentration of its poison. Place the skull
in a fire with Thunderstone and some blessed oil and burn till black.
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| Objects Needed to Prepare Zombie Powder |
Roast the animal ingredients and grind with the uncooked plants in a pestle and mortar. Add unheated shaving of the human bone. A few sacred poems, spells, or text, now grind your mixture to a fine powder. Pour the powder into a jar and bury it in the coffin with the rest of your source skeleton for three days. You now have your Coup Poudre or Zombie Potion. Finally, to apply the Zombie powder, sprinkle it in a cross on the threshold of the target.
TETRODOTOXIN (TTX) POISON TOXICITYTTX is very toxic. The Material Safety Data Sheet for TTX
lists the oral median lethal dose (LD50) (for mice) as 334 µg per kg. For
comparison, the oral LD50 of potassium cyanide for mice is 8.5 mg per kg,
demonstrating that even orally, TTX is more poisonous than cyanide.
TTX is even more dangerous if injected; the amount needed to
reach a lethal dose by injection is only (8) µg per kg in mice. The toxin can
enter the victim's body through ingestion and injection, inhalation, or grazed
skin.
A chequered pufferfish's organs (e.g., liver) can
contain levels of tetrodotoxin sufficient to produce the described paralysis of
the diaphragm and result in death due to respiratory failure. Toxicity varies
between species and at different seasons and geographic localities. And the
flesh of many pufferfish may not be dangerously toxic.
The mechanism of toxicity is through the blockage of fast
voltage-gated sodium channels required for the regular transmission of signals
between the body and the brain. As a result, TTX causes loss of sensation, and
paralysis of voluntary muscles, including the diaphragm and intercostal
muscles, stopping breathing.
SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF TETRODOTOXIN (TTX)
The diagnosis of pufferfish poisoning established on the observed symptomatology and recent dietary history stipulated that symptoms typically develop within 30 minutes of ingestion but may be delayed by up to four hours.
However, if the dose is fatal, symptoms usually manifest
within 17 minutes of ingestion. Paraesthesia of the lips and tongue is followed
by developing paraesthesia in the extremities, hypersalivation, sweating,
headache, weakness, lethargy, incoordination, tremor, paralysis, cyanosis,
aphonia, dysphagia, and seizures. The gastrointestinal symptoms are often
severe, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain; death is
usually secondary to respiratory failure.
There is increasing respiratory distress, speech is affected, and the victim usually exhibits dyspnoea, cyanosis, mydriasis, and hypotension. Followed by paralysis and convulsions, mental impairment, and cardiac arrhythmia may occur. The victim, although paralysed, may be conscious and sometimes utterly lucid until shortly before death, which occurs within 4 to 6 hours (range ~20 minutes to ~8 hours). However, some victims enter a coma. If the patient survives for 24 hours, recovery without residual effects should occur over a few days.
Therapy is supportive and based on symptoms, with aggressive
early airway management. If ingested, treatment can consist of emptying the
stomach, feeding the victim activated charcoal to bind the toxin, and taking
standard life-support measures to keep the victim alive until the effect of the
poison has worn off. In addition to an intravenous fluid to combat hypotension,
anticholinesterase agents "have been proposed as a treatment option but
have not been tested adequately".
No antidote has been developed and approved for human use: a
research report (preliminary result) indicates that a monoclonal antibody
specific to tetrodotoxin is in development by USAMRIID that was effective, in
one study, for reducing toxin lethality in tests on mice.
There are two types of Zombie powders. The first one
contains 85% tetrodotoxin, and the second, not so much. It is less than 150
years old and mainly consists of a hallucinogenic agent, while the first is
between 600 to 100 years old. The original Zombie powder is for faking death,
while the second is for mind control. The second Zombie powder is the
depreciated and unethical version of the first.
Clairvius Narcisse was a Haitian man who claimed to have been turned into a zombie by a Haitian Vodou and forced to work as a slave. The hypothesis for Narcisse's account was that the Vodou Priest administered a combination of psychoactive substances, which rendered him helpless and seemingly dead.
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| The Photo of Clairvius Narcisse |
The book, The Serpent and Rainbow presented the case of Clairvius Narcisse, a man who
had been a zombie for two years, arguing that the zombification process was
more likely the result of a complex interaction of tetrodotoxin, a powerful
hallucinogenic plant called Datura, and cultural forces and beliefs.
In the book, the Medicine Man applied both the first
(original) and the second version of the Zombie powder. He used the first
version to fake Clairvius Narcisse's death and the second to control his mind
after the effect of the first version wore off.
THE PURPOSE OF ZOMBIE POWDER
The best way to apply the powder is to sprinkle it down the
back or inside the shoe. The victim will collapse, apparently dead. House
slaves would then show the slave masters the body of the dead slave. The slave
master would not bother to bury the slaves. He would leave that to the Slaves
to take care of the burial.
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| Voodoo Festival |
However, the slave masters would come to the funerals making
sure the slave was dead. The slaves would bury the "dead" slave in a
shallow grave face down, with a hole dug to create an air pocket, increasing
breathing space for a few hours. Sometimes they would put hollow twigs in the
grave headstone in the shape of a cross, enabling him to breathe, giving the
appearance of a heap of dirt with a cross made from hollowed bamboo.
This apparent death examination would result in the
appearance of no pulse. Because the drug reduces circulation, giving the slave
master the impression that the slaves had a fight amongst themselves, one got
killed. And buried, and it was over. Later that night, the slaves would dig up
the grave and free the "Dead Slave," telling him to run and go to the
blue mountains, another island, another state or amongst the Native Americans.
When the "Dead" slaves were seen in other states, towns or islands and reported to the slave owner as being alive and kicking, it began all sorts of speculations and rumours on his part, which gave birth to the Zombie legend. The astonishing thing about this scientific feat, by the brilliant medicine people or Priests, was that they mastered the art of the dosage required for the Zombie powder to be effective.
For example, too little Zombie powder would not have the
desired effect on the victim or patient. Therefore, ineffective. Too much
Zombie powder would have the adverse result of killing patients, which is
inadequate. The administration of the powder dosage must be perfected every
time for the Zombie powder to be effective.
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| Egugun Voodoo Festival |
BONUS TIP: THE INGREDIENTS NEEDED TO TREAT MALARIA FEVER
Includes leaves of (Artemisia Annua) and wild quinine
(Parthenium Integrifolium), Cinchona bark (Chloroquine and
Hydroxy-chloroquine); Cotton plant seeds; bark of Enantia chlorantha, including
Nauclea latifolia; Isapa flower (Roselle plant of Hibiscus Sabdariffa) and
three types of Pako (chewing sticks). Courtesy of my late Grandmother, and may
her soul rest in peace.
CONCLUSION
Modern scientists are still struggling to compose the
perfect antidote for tetrodotoxin poisoning. Yet these slaves chemically manufactured
Zombie powder using natural ingredients at least 250 years ago. Think about it.
