Thirteenth Egyptian Dynasty 1773 - 1650 BCE

The thirteenth dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) is often combined with Dynasties XI, XII and XIV under the group title Middle Kingdom. Other writers separate it from these dynasties and join it to Dynasties XIV through XVII as part of the Second Intermediate Period. Dynasty XIII was from approximately 1773 BC to sometime after 1650 BC. The outlines of the traditional account of the "invasion" of the land by the Hyksos is preserved in the Aegyptiaca of Manetho, an Egyptian priest who wrote in the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphus. Manetho recorded that it was during the reign of "Tutimaios" (who has been identified with Dedumose I of the Thirteenth Dynasty) that the Hyksos overran Egypt, led by Salitis, the founder of the fifteenth dynasty. 

This dynasty was succeeded by a group of Hyksos princes and chieftains, who ruled in the eastern delta region with their local Egyptian vassals and are known primarily by scarabs inscribed with their names and the period of their reign is called the sixteenth dynasty by modern Egyptologists.
XIII Egyptian Dynasty 1773 - 1650 BCE
Wegaf/Sobekhotep I/Sekhemre-Khutawy?
Amenemhet V/Sekhemre-Khutowi/Sekhemkare
Ameny-Qemau (Son of Ameny?)
Qemau/Siharnedjheritef/Hotephibre

Hor/Auibre

Amenemhet VI/Sankhibre
Nebnuni/Semenkare
Hornedjhiryotef - sa-Qemau
Sobekhotep II/
Renseneb
Hor/Auibre
Amenemhet VII/Sedjefakare
Wegaf/Khutawyre
Khendja/Userkare/Nikanimaetre
Intef/Sehetepkare
Sobekhotep III/Sekhemre/Sewadjtawy
Neferhotep I/Khasekhemre
Sobekhotep IV/Khaneferre
Sobekhotep V/Merhotepre
Sobekhotep VI/Khahotepre
Laib/Ibiaw/Wahibre
Ay/Merneferre
Ini I/Merhotepre
Sewadjtu/Sankhenre
Dedumose I

Sobekhotep II was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He is known from several monuments, including a statue, several Nile level records in Nubia and from building works at Medamud and Luxor. The Nile level records provide a year date 'four', showing that he reigned at least three years.
The Papyrus Boulaq 18 found in the tomb of the scribe of the great enclosure Neferhotep, is an administrative document of the Theban palace which dates to Sobekhotep II and names the 'king's wife' Aya, the vizier Ankhu and other officials.

Amenemhat V Sekhemkare was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears as 'Sekhemkare' in the Turin King List. Contemporary monuments of this king are several Nile level records and a statue found at Elephantine. He reigned for a minimum of 3 years according to the Turin Kinglist.

Ameny Qemau was an Ancient Egyptian king of the early Thirteenth Dynasty, probably the same person as Sehotepibre, who is known from the Turin King List. His position within the succession is uncertain. The Pyramid of Ameny Qemau, one of the pyramids in southern Dahshur has been identified as being constructed for him. 

Neferhotep I/Khasekhemre

HotepibRe (or Siharnedjheritef) was an Ancient Egyptian King of the Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt (Second Intermediate Period). Siharnedjheritef was likely the son of Ameny Qemau and the grandson of King Amenemhet V. He was possibly succeeded by a king named Jewefni who may have been a brother. After a short reign the throne went to another grandson of Amenemhet V named Amenemhet VI. For this king we have a statue dedicated to Ptah. The statue was found in Khatana, but the original location is not known. A Temple-block from el-Atawna is now in the Cairo Museum (Temp 25.4.22.3).

Amenemhet (VI) (with the additional names Ameny Antef) is listed as seventh king of the Thirteenth Dynasty according to the Turin Canon. Semenkare (birth name: Nebnun) was an Egyptian king (throne name: Semenkare) of the 13th Dynasty. "Semenkare" means "the one who establishes the Ka of Re". He appears in the Turin King List. He is only known from one contemporary object: a stela found at Gebel Zeit. He reigned most likely only for a very short time.

Sobekhotep (Amenemhat), throne name: Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep II was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He is known from several monuments, including a statue, several Nile level records in Nubia and from building works at Medamud and Luxor. The Nile level records provide a year date 'four', showing that he reigned at least three years. The Papyrus Boulaq 18 found in the tomb of the scribe of the great enclosure Neferhotep, is an administrative document of the Theban palace which dates to Sobekhotep II and names the 'king's wife' Aya, the vizier Ankhu and other officials.

Renseneb or Ranisonb was an Egyptian king (throne name: so far unknown) of the 13th Dynasty. He appears in the Turin King List (Columne 7, line 16) with a reign of four months. He is only known from one contemporary object, a bead which shows that he had a double name: Renseneb Amenemhat. Egyptologist Kim Ryholt reads the double name as a filiation, 'Renseneb son of Amenemhat'. However, other researchers do not follow him in this interpretation.

Sobekhotep IV/Khaneferre

Hor was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears in the Turin King List as Au-ib-Re. He most likely reigned only for a short time, not long enough to prepare a pyramid, which was in this dynasty still the common burial place for kings. Hor is mainly known from his burial in a shaft tomb found at Dahshur next to the pyramid of king Amenemhat III. The tomb was found essentially intact and still contained the partly gilded wooden coffin of the king, a naos with a statue, some jewelry, the canopic box with canopic vessels, two inscribed stelae and several other objects.

Amenemhat Kay, throne name: Sedjefakare, Sedjefakare Amenemhat was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty, known from the Turin King List, and several other objects, including six cylinder seals, one bark stand from Madamud and two scarab seals. His name appears as graffito in the tomb of queen Khuit at Saqqara. Ryholt assigns him without further evidence a reign of 6-7 years.

Khutawyre Wegaf (or Ugaf) was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty who is known from several sources, including a stelae and statues. There is a general known from a scarab with the same name (Wegaf) who is perhaps identical with this king,

Khendjer was an Egyptian king (throne name: Userkare) of the 13th Dynasty. The name Khendjer is poorly attested in Egyptian. Khendjer was, therefore, the earliest known Semitic king of a native Egyptian dynasty. Khendjer's prenomen or throne name, Userkare, translates as "The Soul of Re is Powerful. The latest attested date for his reign is the fourth month of the season of Akhet (inundation), day 15 in his fifth regnal year. Kim Ryholt notes that two dated control notes on stone blocks from his unfinished pyramid complex give him a minimum reign of 4 years 3 months and 5 days. The aforementioned control notes are dated to Year 1 I Akhet day 10 and Year 5 IV Akhet day 15 of his reign.. 

Sobekhotep V/Merhotepre

Sehetepkare Intef (alternatively Antef or Inyotef) was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty, known from the Turin King List, and a statue now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. He originally came from Medinet Madi. He reigned only for a short period. In the literature he is sometimes referred to as Intef IV [2] or Intef V. Queen Aya (Iy) may have been a wife of Sehetepkare Intef, but this is not certain and she may have been the wife of another 13th dynasty king.

Sobekhotep III (throne name: Sekhemresewdjtawy) was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty. The family of the king is known from several sources. A monument from Sehel Island shows Sobekhotep with his father Mentuhotep, his mother was Iuhetibu (Yauheyebu), his brothers Seneb and Khakau, and a half-sister called Reniseneb. Reniseneb was a daughter of Iuhetibu and her second husband Dedusobek. Sobekhotep II had two wives, Senebhenas and Neni. A stela from Koptos (Qift), now in the Louvre (C 8), mentions the daughters of Neni: Iuhetibu (Fendy) and Dedetanuq. Iuhetibu Fendy wrote her name in a cartouche. This is a second time in Egyptian history that a king's daughter received this honour.

Neferhotep I was an Egyptian king of the Thirteenth Dynasty and one of the most powerful rulers of this dynasty.The Turin Canon assigned him a reign length of 11 years. Neferhotep I came from a military family. His grandfather, Nehy, held the title 'officer of a town regiment'. Nehy was married to a woman called Senebtysy. Nothing is known about her, other than that she held the common title 'lady of the house'. Their only known son was called Haankhef. He appears in the sources always as 'God's father', and he was married to a woman called Kemi. Haankhef and Kemi were the parents of Neferhotep I.

Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV was one of the most powerful Egyptian kings of the 13th Dynasty. He was the son of the 'god's father' Haankhef and of the 'king's mother' Kemi. His brother, Neferhotep I, was his predecessor on the throne. The king is believed to have reigned for around 10 years. He is known by a relatively high number of monuments, including stelae, statues, many seals and other minor objects. There are attestations for building works at Abydos and Karnak. Sobekhotep IV's wife was the 'king's wife' Tjan. Several children are known. The royal court is also well known. Vizier was Neferkare Iymeru. Treasurer was Senebi and high steward a certain Nebankh.

Ay/Merneferre

Sobekhotep V was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. His birth name was Sobekhotep, and his throne name was Merhotepre Sobekhotep V appears in the Turin King List as the successor of Sobekhotep IV. According to this document, he only reigned for four years. Sobekhotep IV was perhaps his father, as he had a son called 'Sobekhotep'. Sobekhotep V is known from a statue found at Kerma and from several scarab seals. Sobekhotep VI was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. His birth name was Sobekhotep, and his throne name was Khahotepre.

Wahibre Ibiau (throne name: Wahibre - birth name: Ibiau) was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty, who reigned for 10 years, 8 months and 29 days according to the Turin King List. He is not known from many contemporary monuments. There are several scarab seals with his name as well as a stela of an official of his and some other minor objects.

Merneferre Ay (also spelled Aya or Eje) was an Ancient Egyptian ruler of the Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt. He assumed the throne around 1700 BC. His reign length-as preserved in the damaged Turin King List - was disputed in the past with Jurgen von Beckerath reading the damaged figure on the papyrus fragment as only 13 years in his 1964 work Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der zweiten Zwischenzeit in Agypten, while both Alan Gardiner - in The Royal Canon of Turin (1959)--and Kenneth Kitchen in his 1987 paper 'The Basics of Egyptian Chronology in Relation to the Bronze Age at the "High, Middle or Low" University of Goteborg convention maintained that it was 23 Years.

Merhotepre Ini was the son and successor of Merneferre Ay and a king of the late Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt. He is assigned a brief reign of 2 Years 3 or 4 Months and 9 days in the Turin Canon. Although Merhotepre enjoyed a very brief reign, he is attested in the historical records by the Cairo Juridical Stela. This document, which is dated to Year 1 of the later Theban king Nebiryraw I, contains a genealogical charter which states that Ayameru--the son by Vizier Aya and the King's daughter Reditenes - was appointed Governor of El-Kab in Year 1 of Merhotepre Ini.