Niger-Congo Symbols, Nsibidi Glyphs, Sumerian Cuneiform, Mohenjo Daro

Pre-Cuneiform Sumerian Inscriptions Reveal Links with Africa
To get a bearing on the study of this lost Sumerian Mother civilization, we switched to the study of Pre-Cuneiform Sumerian inscriptions, for as we found out, long before the invention of the cuneiform method of writing in the Middle East, Sumerians first wrote on stone and rock, pottery, copper, bronze and iron implements. These were all original Sumerian inventions. Sumerian Kings and Emperors also wrote their official kings-seals on the hardwood like ebony.

Sumerian Symbols before & after Cuneiform Writing

Some of these have been found in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Babylon Mohenjo Daro, and Harappan. Our study of the official seals of the kings of Sumer revealed that Sumer was a great world empire and its kings and emperors were Masters of the Seas and oceans. L.A. Waddell in Makers of Civilization in Race and History (London, 1921) noted that after Sumer was destroyed (2,023 B.C.).

Its civilization continued to thrive in its empires: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Babylon, Harappan, Mohenjo Daro. Zecharia Sitchen who spent his entire life translating and studying Sumerian cuneiform texts observed that Sumer taught the world everything they know and that it was refugees fleeing the destroyed cities of Sumer that seeded the first civilizations in China, India, Assyria, Babylon, Mesopotamia, and that Egypt was a direct offshoot of Sumer. Below, is a brief introduction to the historicity of the Mohenjo Daro civilization of India.

ANCIENT INDIA: Sometime around 6,000 B.C.E. a nomadic herding people, who some now think to be Dravidians, settled into villages in the Mountainous region just west of the Indus River. There they grew barley and wheat, harvesting it using sickles with flint blades.

They lived in small houses built with adobe bricks. After about 5000 B.C.E. the climate in their region changed, bringing more rainfall, which apparently enabled them to grow more food, for they grew in population. They began domesticating sheep, goats, and cows and then water buffalo.

Mohenjo Daro Ruins, India

Then after 4000 B.C.E., they began to trade with distant areas in central Asia and areas west of the Khyber Pass. They also began using bronze and other metals. In time the total area of the Indus civilization became larger than that of the old kingdom of Egypt. Their cities were characterized by buildings of elaborate architecture, constructed of fired brick, with sewage systems and paved streets. Below: Bronze Figure of a dancing girl, Mohenjo-Daro, India 2500 B.C.E.

Note: The Bronze Figure of the dancing Mohenjo-Daro girl has a tribal mark that is visible on her right cheek. If we use the Igbo Nsibidi Script and Ogham (Ogam) line to transcribe, it equates to the letters T or F/V. Many of such transcription will be presented, later in this article and the next, in order to translate ancient symbols, that are pre-Sumerian cuneiform. Typical of these large planned cities is Mohenjo-Daro, which along with its great buildings, had city streets laid out in a grid.

Mohenjo-Daro Dancing Girl

The city is thought to have housed roughly 50,000 people and had a granary, baths, assembly halls, and towers. The city was divided into two parts; west of the city there stood a citadel surround by a wall. Also located here were a giant granary, a large residential structure, and at least two aisled assembly halls. To the east of the citadel was the lower city, laid out in a grid pattern.

The people of Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa and the other cities, shared a sophisticated system of weights and measures, used arithmetic with decimals, and had a written language that was partly phonetic and partly ideographic.

The Indus people also utilized seals for signatures and pictorial presentation, as did the people to the northwest in Elam and Sumer. The Indus valley people carried on active trade relations with the middle-east in gold, copper utensils, lapis lazuli, ivory, beads, and semiprecious stones.

Sometime between 1,800 and 1,700 B.C. Civilization on the Indus Plain all but vanished. What befell these people is unknown. One suspected cause is a shift in the Indus River, another is a huge ruinous Earthquake, and still, another is monumental flooding of the rivers. Flooding that would explain the thick layers of silt, thirty feet above the level of the river at the site of Mohenjo-Daro. Of course, these are only unsubstantiated theories, no one knows what really caused the people to leave. Later, people of a different culture inhabited some of the abandoned cities, in what archaeologists call a "squatter period." This citadel appears to have been a religious centre.

It was also speculated that the Mohenjo-Daro civilization perished in an ancient nuclear war, fought by the Gods, through the use of ancient flying machines called Vimana. A vimana is a word with several meanings ranging from temple or palace to mythological flying machines described in Sanskrit epics.

The Vimanas, ancient Indian Flying Machine like Technical Drawing

References to these flying machines are commonplace in ancient Indian texts, even describing their use in warfare. As well as being able to fly within Earth's atmosphere, vimanas were also said to be able to travel into space and travel underwater. Descriptions in the Vedas and later Indian literature detail vimanas of various shapes and sizes: In the Vedas:
The "agnihotra-vimana" with two engines. (Agni means fire in Sanskrit.)
The "gaja-vimana" with more engines. (Gaja means elephant in Sanskrit.)
Other types named after the kingfisher, ibis, and other animals. End of Mohenjo-Daro introduction.

From our study of the official seals of the various kings of Sumer, we could immediately see a direct connection with the Sub-Saharan African continent in terms of common symbols.

An example of many Ikom Monoliths

We also discovered that the earliest Sumerian writing form was written on stone. Since 2002, we have been studying ancient stone inscriptions in Cross River State, Nigeria popularly called Ikom monoliths. We have been connecting with international scholars who are involved in the same kind of research.

In the process, it was discovered that one particular kind of stone inscription found all over the world, which is called Ogam in Britain, which had never before been translated into any form of sensible sentence, easily lent itself into translation in the Igbo language of South-Eastern Nigeria, and we were the first to score this feat!  We later found out that Ogam was one of the many forms of Stone Inscriptions created by the ancient Sumerians of West Africa.

We have discovered that most of the native lines and symbols that grace ancient African artifacts are forms of Sumerian inscriptions, whose meanings have been lost until now, of which the commonest is Ogam.

Ogam Lines

Using Ogam we have transcribed some famous ancient NOK artifacts of Middle Belt Nigeria and found that every one of the ubiquitous slanting eyes on Nok read the word MA-GAN! (See plate 11). 

Magan was an ancient Sumerian nation conquered by Menes - the founder of First Dynasty Egypt. This means that Magan was once a name for ancient Nigeria, of which NOK was a major city.

To date, the whereabouts of the ancient homeland of the fleeing Sumerians has remained a mystery. Archaeological efforts to find it in Mesopotamia have struck zero. However, our transcriptions of ancient African artifacts such as the 350 inscribed stone monoliths of Cross River State, Nigeria, the ancient NOK terracotta inscriptions of Plateau state, Nigeria, and especially the pottery, bronze, and copper inscriptions on the artifacts excavated in 1950 by British archaeologists Thurstan Shaw in Igbo Ukwu, Anambra State, have revealed them to be Sumerian!

Some of these ancient symbols are emblems of Sumerian cities recorded in Egyptian mythological texts such as the Pyramid Texts, the Coffin Texts and The Egyptian Book of the Dead.

Plate     11A Nok Terracotta inscriptions

Others are emblems of Sumerian and Egyptian gods such as Shamash (Utu), Sin, Sheshat, Adad, Thoth, Osiris, Horus, and many others, all of whose activities are well recorded in Yoruba, Benin and Igbo local pantheons of Gods in their native Nigerian as well as Sumerian names.

A recently published linguistic research on the language that the Sumerians spoke, concluded that they spoke a Niger-Congo language.  Niger-Congo is the language spoken in Southern Nigeria and Cameroon. Sumerians and Nigerian Shared Many Cultural Traits: There is documented evidence that ancient Sumerians shared cultural, traditional and occupational traits with rural Nigerians.  People of both nations were farmers, merchants, metallurgists.

Both were adept in bronze alloy making. They lived in mud houses of reed, worshipped tutelary gods in small shrines, drank palm wine, wore wrappers and loincloths, ground grains on stone querns and used hoes in farming. Their kings used the same instruments of power used by Nigerian kings to this very day.

Pre-Dynastic Egyptian Symbols vs Niger-Congo Symbols  

In a portrait of King Sargon’s grandson, King Narmer (Enzu) located in the Imperial Ottoman Museum in Turkey, he is wearing a wrapper, Nigeria-style with one shoulder bare “and carries a club in the right hand and a whip in the left and wears bracelets on both arms and a tall Phrygian hat.”

The Phrygian hat (Santa Claus hat) is the traditional Hat of Igbo initiates and Chiefs of Eri. Among Sumerian emblems and inscriptions, it is called Eri.

Narmer’s “club” is the Igbo traditional wooden club-like emblem of divine authority called Ofo.

The whip is the traditional Igbo/Black African horse-tail found in all Black Africa, borne by elders.

Like Igbo people, Sumerian people of high rank were buried in their private houses which they had inhabited while they lived.  Their priests were called Shangu, a name derived from the Yoruba god of thunder Shango, Xango or Sango whose equivalent in Sumer was Utu. Like native Yoruba, Benin and Igbo priests Sumerian priests wore white wrapper while performing rituals in their shrines. The list of similarities is endless…

Emblems of Sargon the Great and His Lost City of Akkad Found in Anambra State, Nigeria
Sargon the Great was Sumer’s first official post-Deluge king (ca. 3500 B.C.). His city of Akkad, the oldest Post Deluge city of Sumer, has never been found, nor excavated, by archaeologists.

Ifa Priests

However, based on our recent discoveries from the study of pre-cuneiform texts attributed to Sargon and his line of kings, we believe we have found Sargon’s lost city – a buried city in Igbo land excavated in 1950 by a young British archaeologist fresh from the university.

We found among the images of the excavated bronze and copper artifacts of Igbo Ukwu, the two official seals of the most famous of Sumer’s emperors - Sargon the Great of Akkad - among the excavated artifacts of Igbo Ukwu, which are mostly lodged in the British Museum. Not only Sargon’s official seals but also those of all his sons who ruled after him were preserved in Igbo Ukwu! Sargon was also identified with Biblical Nimrud. Both Sargon’s and Nimrud’s known Sumerian emblems are found in Igbo Ukwu (plates 1a-k). One of the artifacts (famously called an altar-stand) portrays a man and a woman standing back to back.

The man bears the Seal of Sargon on his forehead and the Sumerian pictograph for ‘Bara’, from which is derived Egyptian word ‘Pharaoh’ and Hindu word ‘Bharat’. His two hands form the word A-KAD in mirror-image (plate 1aa, bb), beneath the image below! Sargon is understood to be the same as Biblical Nimrud, both in his name and symbols. The artifact also features Serpent Writing which is an ancient writing form known to Hindus and Phoenicians alike.

Ogam Lines Translation, artwork by S A Akinyemi

Our discoveries suggest strongly that the present neighboring towns of Igbo Ukwu and Oraeri are standing on the ruin of the lost city of Akkad – the city of the Chaldean Magi located in the land the Sumerians called ‘Land of BU’: the colonialists called it EBO and the natives call it IGBO. L.A. Waddell in Makers of Civilization insists that the name Sargon/Shargon when properly read in Sumerian means SHA-ERI-GAN – ‘EMPEROR ERI OF THE GARDEN OF EDEN’!

Local legends say that Ora-Eri - ‘Eri Folk’ were the original inhabitants of the land where the excavations were found, having been driven out in war by the present inhabitants. Eri is the putative ancestor of the Kwa/Qa tribes of Nigeria and Ghana. True to type, many Sumerians god-kings proudly bore the Nigerian title Qa/Kwa.

Plate        1AA

Akkad is the Ancient City of Ayodhya of Indian Ramayana Epic: Akkad, otherwise called Agade in Sumerian texts, was known by the name Ayodhya in Indian epic tale Ramayana.

L.A. Waddell in his comparative translations of Pre-cuneiform Sumerian texts with Indus Valley Purana epics and Aryan epic texts (the Eddas) observed that the king-lists of Sumer were exactly the same with those of the Lower Indus, the Aryans of Europe and of Pre-dynastic Egypt.

The Sumerian name of Sargon is SHAR KIN. SARKIN is the Nigerian word for ‘KING’ in one of the many ethnic languages of Nigeria! Many Sumerian names of kings have survived in Nigeria.

One king of Sargon’s line was called Gani Eri. Another was called Attah, to name a few. These are existing names of Nigerian royal houses. Sumerians introduced saddled horses to the world. A saddled horse with a rider was found in the grave of the Monarch buried in Igbo Ukwu. Many other sacred emblems of Sumer too numerous to mention here, were among the excavations. All Sumerian textual images listed here are from L.A. Waddell – Makers of Civilization in Race and History, London, 1921.

They consist of an upper line from texts recovered in excavations in Mesopotamia featuring Indus type Sumerian letters (upper line) in comparison with actual Mesopotamian-type pictographs, all of them pre-cuneiform. Our listings indicate a generic connection between West African, Middle Eastern and Indus Valley inscriptions of the Sumerian mother-culture. All bronze/copper artifacts listed here are from the Thurstan Shaw excavations,

Plate      1BB

Plate 1aa (Above - Igbo Ukwu): Various pictographs of Sumer can be seen on this bronze stand: a hand curving to the right of the observer is the letter A. The ‘hand’ is the syllabic sound KAD: meaning A-KAD!

The forehead double concentric circle is the emblem of Sargon the Great, cf. plate 1bb, (right) Pre-Cuneiform Sumerian letters: concentric circle (Sharu) plus Man (Gin) = Sharru-Gin anglicized as ‘’Sargon. See also Omphalos symbol for Bara and surrounding Serpent Writing.

These will be listed in our new forthcoming book on the subject titled Eden in Sumer on the Niger. In fact, Thurstan Shaw noted repeatedly that many of the artifacts look Indian in style. One such seal is the elephant-head seal of Narmer, the grandson of Sargon the Great (plate 2a, b). It also bears the quadrangle emblem of Sargon. End of part 6 of 10. Next blog on 02/03/19.

Lejja, Dudu, Dunu, Igbo, Atum, Eri, Thoth

The Lejja and its Ham and Canaan connection now reveal that the Deluge hero, whom the Bible calls Noah did anchor his arc in Southern Nigerian waters and that his household settled in Nigeria in the vicinity of the Lejja shrine, if not within the shrine area, in other words in Igbo land. Below: His Majesty, Eze Eri 34th, Eze Aka Ji Ovo Igbo, led his community to the sacred Omambala river at Enugu Aguleri, Anambra state – in order to offer prayers and cleansing.

His Majesty, Eze Eri 34th, Eze Aka Ji Ovo Igbo, red Hat with Gold motive, at Oma-mbala Lake

This agrees with the Eri myths of that Eri established a settlement at Aguleri after coming ashore at the Oma-mbala Lake. The God he was communicating with was Atum/Atu-Oma (Son of Oma-Mbala, the actual River Nun, Primeval Mother of the Sun God Atum). Atum, it was who had sent an Oka (Dunu Oka) Smith from Nsukka to dry the waterlogged land “with his bellows”, to facilitate settlement.

It is obvious from the foregoing, that the Egyptian word Duat is derived from the Igbo (Kwa) word Idu-At (short for Idu Atama/Idu Aat) meaning ‘Atum who Dwells in Utter Darkness’, for Idu means ‘Pitch Black’, as in Yoruba Dudu (‘Black’).

Utu or Utu-Shamash

The Duat is called a Place of Utter Darkness’ in Egyptian ancient texts! The fact that the Igbo meaning of the word Egypt is ‘Pitch Black’ implies that Igbo land might have been original Prehistoric Egypt. This explains why the Egyptian city of Heliopolis is in Igbo land and why Igbo land is the land where Egyptian mythology comes alive.

Utu is the name the Sumerians call their sky god. Utu is obviously the god in charge of the Duat, as already mentioned. We know he was also in charge of the smelting activities in Enugu State because the smelting communities named the slag from the smelting after him. They call it UTU. Utu's name is all over place, including the Dunu Oka shrine where the Sacred Tree is called Utu. Right: Utu, Sumerian Sun god of Justice with foot on omphalos water rays or lightning bolts.

The fact that the pre-historic smelters of Igbo land preserved the names of Sumerian gods Utu and Adad PROVES OUR THESIS THAT IGBOS/NIGERIANS WERE THE ORIGINAL SUMERIANS from whom the Egyptians received their civilization and mythology! Did Igbo Cavemen of Lejja Survive the Deluge! The Answer Seems to Be ‘Yes’: The Oka smiths were Nkannu/Canaan Smiths, who appears to have somehow survived the Deluge!

In fact we gather from the Thoth’s book The Emerald Tablet of Thoth the Atlantean (edited by Doreal) that Thoth, an Atlantean, was instructed before the commencement of the Deluge to gather his followers and embark on a “flight” to the ‘Land of Khem’ in a celestial ark; that when he arrived in the land of the Khemites, he was met there by a race of hairy barbarians (ape-men):

Egyptian God Bes

“Gather thou now the sons of Atlantis, take them and flee to the people of the rock caves. Fly to the Land of the Children of Khem (These are the Khemennu cave-men/ape-men of The Book of the Dead (plate 13)!” We are told in the same book that the Khemennu people resisted his landing and he used magic to overcome their resistance.

He subsequently settled among them and became their king, introducing, agriculture, commerce, and civilization before commencing on the building of the Pyramid. This story is repeated in every exactitude the Igbo myths of Eri (he is called Iduu Eri in Aguleri), with the only exception that where Thoth used the word “civilization” Nri/Eri myths use the words “organized cultural practices”, thus revealing Eri as Thoth! To this day, Nri/Eri people (descendants of Eri) still claim that Igbo people were living in caves until Eri brought them civilization.

Benin myths also confirm that the group who came with the putative ancestor (Iduu), the Deluge survivor, met cave dwelling barbarians when they arrived in their place of settlement (in the Niger-Benue confluence area).

With these revelations, it can be deduced that Thoth’s Khemites were Igbos, for the word ‘Igbo’ means ‘Forest Dwellers’! Here at last we see the Egyptian word Khemennu, the name of the ape-men of the Egyptian Book of the Dead come alive and reveal itself as the name of an actual race of people – primitive cavemen of Eastern Nigeria whose racial name in Nigeria is Igbo, and who as we argue in They Lived Before Adam, The Lost Testament and Eden in Sumer on the Niger, and as recent scientific research results confirm, spoke and still speak the Proto-Proto Mother Language of humankind!

The Eri myths confirm that the Dunu Oka Shrine in Lejja was in existence before the Deluge (which has been scientifically dated 11,000 B.C., being the date of the melting of the icecaps that caused the Deluge), and that both the Oka smiths who aided Eri and the Khemennu ape-men who lived in Igbo land before his arrival, had survived the Deluge. This puts the Dunu Oka Shrine and their iron smelting technology before 11,000 B.C.! Needless to say, the Oka of Eri/Thoth, and the Khemennu/Khe’nnu of Horus were one and the same race of people – the dwarfs who were the underground blacksmiths of all ancient mythologies!

Plate       13A

In The Emerald Tablet, it is revealed that the God of Thoth was an underground dwelling God and that he was the God of the cavemen. This further links the aboriginal race Igbo with Atum, the God of the Duat (plate 14), and provides added evidence that Igbo Land was Heliopolis and that the ancient Egyptian civilization was a made-in-Igbo-land-and –sponsored-by-Igbo-gods civilization.

Plate 13a, –  left: The Ape-men inside the Duat, honouring Osiris; Plate 13b, –  below: – the Winged form of the Celestial Disc flying across the roof of heaven, Horus the Hawk God, standing above the House of Fire and palm trees.

Did Ancient Nigerians from Upper Egypt Rule Lower Egypt’s First Dynasty: That the first dynasty of Pharaohs of Egypt was from Nigerian royal families, is evident from the fact that quite a number of them bore Nigerian tribal royal titles. L.A.Waddell who translated early Sumerian/Egyptian and Indian inscriptions of Sumerian king-lists insists that Sumerian king-lists dovetails into Egyptian and Indian King-lists and that the first dynasty of Egyptian Pharaohs from the lineage of the Nubian (Black African), Menes (3100 BC), all used Sumerian titles.

It is easily recognizable that the titles in question are titles of existing Nigerian royal houses!!

Plate      13B

The titles showed that many of the first Pharaohs came from the royal houses of Eri, Attah and Gani/Gana and Dunu Oka, from the Kwa and Fulani tribes.

Sumerian kings, as well as Egyptian Pharaohs, generally bore titles like Eri, Qa/Kwa, Attah, Dunu, Duru, Gani, Gana, Uru, Urashi, Asa, Aka, Aha, Kwush (Akwu Nshi)! Egyptologists are silent about this, but Waddell insists that these kings mostly used titles rather than personal names and that the titles can be read in the memorial seals left behind by these Pharaohs.

Menes was called Aha or Aka, a title which in Igbo tradition implies that he was a dwarf (Aka Ushi) and a goddess worshiper (for it is the Igbo astronomical symbol of the dot enclosed in the circle).

The 2nd king after Menes used the title Attah. The 3rd Pharaoh of Menes’ dynasty used the title Gani Eri; the 4th used the title - Bag Eri, and the 5th used the title Dan in Egyptian seals, translated as Dun Du in Indian king-lists of the same kings from a common heritage of humanity. Dun Du can be said to be an abbreviation of Dunu Idu. Gani Eri was called Shar Eri, meaning King Eri.

This title was first borne by the father of Menes, whom Waddell identifies as Sargon the Great (Shar Gani) the first king of Akkad in Sumer. Dun Du or Dudu used the hieroglyph for three hills and two hills, showing that he was from the Adama lineage of Lejja, Nsukka or any other part of Igbo land the land of the Rising Sun, for the Two Hills symbol connotes the Sun rising in the horizon. We can thus see that Egypt was ruled by the various royal houses of ancient Nigeria.

Sargon of Akkad

The Grave as a Pyramid Representing the Womb of the Earth Mother: Pharaoh Dan/ Du Dunu was said to have called his grandfather, Gani Eri/King Eri, by the title “Shukunni, the Great Ukush, the Gut/God”.

This obviously translates into Igbo as, “Chukwuani/Chukwuini/Chukwunna – God of the Earth/God in the Tomb/God the Father, Great Aka Ushi”! Aka Ushi implies this Immortal God is dwelling in the circular Womb of the Mother.

It is also a collective term for all Ape-men. Aka Ushi is nurtured in the pyramidal womb of the Earth Goddess, which the Igbo call Akwu, ‘Nest’ (Egyptian Akh/Akhet is a term for the pyramid) - the Igbo concept of the Earth-Mother as the Womb that incubates the embryo and harbours the dead. Ancient Igbos were buried in huge step-pyramids the size of single storied buildings. The Nsude pyramids (plates 15a, b) are added evidence that Igbo land is the land of Egyptian mythology, the origin of its culture and civilization and the home of its gods. Osiris wears traditional Igbo double plumes with his Igbo conical hat and carries the Igbo flail (fly whisk) and metal staff – all part and parcel of the traditional Igbo regalia of kings and Nze na ozo initiates.

More Pyramids from Nsude, Udi Enugu State, from G.I. Jones’ online archives. Below, Plate 14a,b: Two images of the inside of the Underground Duat, showing various floors and a sloping path between the floors.

Plate      14A

Conclusion: Atum is Ele - the Manu of the Igbo Cavemen of Ugwuele (500,000 B.C.) Ele Biblical El, El-Elyon - the ‘God of the Heights’ whom Melchizedek represented in the Old Testament - is the God/Manu/Group Soul of the cavemen of the wilds (Homo Erectus). This is consistent with our thesis propounded in all our previous publications on this and related subjects. This God, also called Sokar lives in a Tomb in the lowest rung of the Duat called Restau. Sitchen further reveals that “in Olden Times, El was the Principal deity of Heaven and Earth.

He lived in semi-retirement (Hidden), aloof from daily affairs. His abode was in the mountains (Lejja Hills) at the two headwaters (Niger and Benue)” El is the ruler of the affairs of the gods, Judge of the Dead and author of Destiny.

Plate       14B

El/Ele began his entry into human affairs as the Group-Soul of the first ape-men/cavemen. As the First Human to rise from the Deep Waters of Nun, he was the Group-Soul of the First Hominids - the cavemen of the wilds, otherwise called Homo Erectus. Archaeologists of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in their excavations carried out in the early 1970s discovered huge stacks of various kinds of stone tools – hand axes, knives, picts, cleavers - in the Igbo town of Ugwu-Ele (‘Hill of Ele’), Isuikwuato, Abia State, Nigeria. Plate 15a, beneath: G. I. Jones posing against a step pyramid in Nsude, Udi, Enugu State, Nigeria. Plate 15b, below:

Top Plate     15B and Bottom Plate     15A

The archeologists concluded that the tools spanned the period from Early, Middle to Late Stone Age (at least 500,000 – 80,000 B.C. The British member of the UNN Archaeology department at the time, Professor D. David concluded that “the site was the largest stone ax factory in the world!...

We are not aware of any other site in the world with such an enormous amount of stone axes and other tools.”

Anozie argued that since “the technology and typology of Acheulian culture is very similar everywhere in Africa and other parts of the world, (and) the hand-axes from Ugwuele very much resemble those from (Stone Age sites in) France, England, India, East Africa, North Africa, etc., in terms of form and techniques of manufacture.

It is mainly because of this that the Acheulian culture is regarded as a worldwide culture and a heritage of all humanity”.

We have argued in our previous works under reference that the waves of ‘Out of Africa’ migrations that took place in the Late Stone Age 100,000 – 40,000 B.C.), of Early Men was an ‘Out of Igbo/Nigeria land phenomenon, and not an ‘Out of East Africa’ phenomenon, as the world has been made to believe, based on the discovery of a three-million-year-old ancestor of Homo Erectus (Lucy) in East Africa.

In 2002 a joint French and Chadian team of paleontologists led by Professor Michel Brunet of the University of Poitiers, found a seven-million-year-old ancestor of Homo Erectus in the southern Chad region, close to the Nigerian border.

This means that Igbo Homo Erectus was a direct descendant of the seven million-year-old Proto-Hominid of what would have been a Chad/Nigerian migration., and confirms our thesis of an ‘Out of Igbo land/Nigeria’ migration of Early Man.

A Sample of Ugwu-ele Stone Tools

Simply put, Nigeria is the cradle of humankind, culture, language, metal technology, astronomy, and civilization. With the foregoing, we believe we have provided enough evidence that Enugu State/Igboland/Nigeria, was the spiritual and religious seat of the ancient Egyptian civilization, and as such the control-base of its world-famous Theocracy. Professor Catherine Acholonu,
Director, Catherine Acholonu Research Center.

THE GRAVE OF SARGON THE GREAT AND THE BURIED CITY OF AKKAD MAY HAVE BEEN FOUND!! PROFESSOR CATHERINE ACHOLONU
The Sumerian civilization is the oldest civilization in the world. The mythology of the Sumerians recorded in cuneiform texts have been translated, revealing that all the earliest mythologies of the world, including Biblical Genesis, were mythologies of the Sumerians. From the Sumerian Genesis period onto the end of its civilization, its sacred and political texts speak of Eden as the homeland of the Sumerians and of the Sumerian civilization. All Sumer’s kings even onto Babylonian, Mesopotamian and Assyrian times, spoke of themselves as Kings of Edin (Eden).

For 23 years, we have been on the trail of the ancient Sumerian civilization, studying its cuneiform records in translation. The cuneiform texts speak of the latter-day developments in the Middle Eastern Sumerian colonies of Mesopotamia, Assyria, Babylon. But they also speak of a mother-land called Shumer/Sumer, which according to Assyriologists, has never been found.

Equally lost is the city of Akkad, the homeland of the Akkadians, which was ruled first by Sargon the Great. End of part 5 of 10. Next blog on 25/02/19. We will introduce ancient scripts and symbols.

Stairway to Heaven, Duat, Sitchen, Professor Achonolu, Lejja

According to  Professor Achonolu, The Stairway to Heaven: Another important feature of the Heaven or Duat of the Egyptians, where their gods lived, is the presence of a Staircase otherwise called “The Stairway to Heaven”. Zecharia Sitchen who dedicated a title of one of his books to this phenomenon, says that the Egyptian ‘Heaven’ was a physical place with a stairway or ladder leading into it.

Quoting the Book of the Dead, Sitchen writes that when the stairway is reached, “the king is nearing the heart of the Duat; he is near the Amenta, the Hidden Place. It was there that Osiris himself had risen to the Eternal Afterlife.

Plate    5A

It was there that the ‘Two That Bring Closer the Heaven’ stood out… as ‘two magical trees.” Quoting a prayer from the same passage in the Book of the Dead, Sitchen continues: “Maybe given to me my name in the House of Two; May in the House of Fire, my name be granted. In the night of computing years, and of telling the months, may I be a divine Being, may I sit at the east side of Heaven.”

All the features mentioned here (highlighted) are located in the Eastern Duat at the place where the mouth of the Duat is supposedly located. An all of them have parallels with the Dunu Oka shrine in Lejja. There is indeed a stairway, a sloping pathway constructed in a graded fashion with piles of iron slag that leads from a section of the forest into the Dunu Oka village square (plate 5). The stairway is almost dilapidated, but we were able to clearly make out that this was a stairway and we said so to the villagers and fellow researchers on the mission, and everyone concurred.

Plate    5B

The stairway is composed of four steps leading up to the central square, which is the heart and head of the entire structure. All the samples of the stairway we have so far seen in Egyptian texts are composed of four steps!

The Egyptian Book of the Dead actually says that a stairway leading up to the ‘sky’ is located in Khemennu (Khe’nnu). Even the ‘sky’ is represented in Lejja in the form of a huge crescent-shaped pile of slag with the sun disk resting in front of it (plate  6).

Plate 5a,b: (Right and Above) The Stairway leading to the Mouth of the Benben (close-up on step one down, left). Pictures by Catherine Acholonu.

Plate 6a,b: Oshuru - the ‘Sacred Groove’ where the Mouth of the Earth is hidden. Celestial Disc and the Roof of Heaven; Sun and Crescent Moon; The Sun coursing through the underside of the Sky/Neith and riding on the Celestial bark/boat – the River Niger; the Son (Sun-god) in the Mother’s womb (Nun). Plate 6a (below by Pamela Eze-Uzoamaka. Plate 6b (beneath) by Catherine Acholonu.

Two Magical Trees One of Which is Called by the Name of the Sumerian Sky God, Utu: Two magical Trees are also found at the Dunu Oka shrine. They are two ancient Trees, each with tangled roots screened off with piles of iron slag. The two sacred trees are actually shrines. They are called Utu Udeleigwe and Oya Ogwuu (plate 7a,7b)

Plate    6A

The former is called the Tree of Justice where villagers swear their innocence and culprits are punished or miraculously executed; the latter is a Tree of Life and Healing, which neutralizes every charm and poison that is brought near it.

Oya Ogwuu is a tree associated with the sun and moon cycles. The village priests use it for counting the moon cycles using pebbles, thus computing the months and the years with it.

Again this coincides with the Egyptian “night of computing years, and of telling the months”! Zechariah Sitchin posits that the Egyptian Heliopolis of modern times is an imitation of the ancient Heliopolis of antiquity called “the House of Shamash” located in a “Place of Palms” (palm trees), which the Prophet Jeremiah referred to as the “Houses of the Gods of Egypt”, while the prophet Amos called it “the location of the palaces of Adad”. Shamash was the Akkadian name of the sky god whom the Sumerians called Utu. His symbol was the Eagle for he was the god of the skies and of the Sun.

The name of the Sumerian sky god Utu occurs severally in Lejja. The name of the first of the two magical Trees - Utu Udeleigwe means ‘Utu – the Vulture of the Sky’. This cannot be a coincidence, rather it implies that the sacred tree with that name is actually a totem representative of the god Utu himself.

Plate     6B

Also, the name of the god Adad occurs in Lejja in the female form of Adada, who is the main deity female of Lejja. Her shrine is not far removed from the Dunu Oka Shrine.

Therefore the “House of Shamash” located in the “Place of Palms” referred to by Biblical prophet Amos, is Lejja in Nsukka, Enugu state.

The reference to this place as a place of palms is self-explanatory. Igbo land, nay Nigeria is the traditional home of the palm tree. It is an interesting revelation that this place is referred to in Jeremiah as the “Houses of the Gods of Egypt”. Might this be a reference to the countless shrines of gods in Nsukka, Enugu and in Igbo land?

The god Utu/Shamash is the most famous god of Sumer. He was the Sun. As Sun-god, he was perhaps the Sumerian equivalent of Egypt’s Horus. Sumerian texts reveal that Utu and his uncle Adad were always together. The same is true in Lejja with the names Utu and Adada appearing side by side. Even though the natives call her a female deity, their mythology says that she is a form of the putative male ancestor of Lejja, Ugwu Oke, whose name means ‘Male Hill’. Plate 7a,b: The Two Magical Trees: Utu Udeleigwe (below) and Oya Ogwuu (beneath). Pictures by C. C. Opata.

Plate    7A Utu Udeleigwe Tree Shrine

Osiris -The Tree God of Egypt: Besides the two sacred Trees, we noticed that there was a mighty tree in the bush near the shrine that looked like no tree we had seen before. It was very huge and very high, yet was completely hollow inside.

It looked like it was cut along its length into three parts, with the third part looking like a leg thrust out from the knee. Later on, poring through Egyptian images of the Duat, we were attracted by an image (plate 7c) that reminded us of the one in Lejja, and of the story of Osiris’ body trapped in a wooden coffin inside the trunk of a mighty tree!

Like the tree in the image, this tree looked as if someone had hollowed it out, leaving only the bark, yet it had remained strong through hundreds of years. We noticed that there are actually three trees in the image: two facing each other just like in Lejja, and a third huge hollowed tree at the side (just like in Lejja! We also noticed that all three trees are marked by the Egyptian hieroglyph for ‘god’ - a flag pole. This is a confirmation from Egyptian records that the three trees in Lejja are gods of Egypt! Egyptians believe that Osiris is buried in the Duat in the district of Abydos.

What could these strange symbols be, if the completion of the circle of symbols indicating that THIS was the “district of Abydos, the burial place of the East” where the “funeral chest” of Osiris “the Lord of the Mouth of the Duat” lies. A Text from The Book of the Dead, attributed to a god-man called Unas, refers to Osiris as the “Great Quaker (Kwa-Aka) who comes forth from the Asert Tree.”

Plate    7B Oya Ogwuu Tree Shrine

Ralph Ellis says that Osiris is a god who is associated with a Tree and who is believed to dwell inside a tree. Thus the Duat image under reference (plate 7b) could easily be seen as portraying two small sacred trees and a third large tree with a hollow space where Osiris dwells.

The villagers claim that the ancestors (in the form of the ancestral masquerades) issue out of that Tree to enter the House of Fire for the annual Festival of the Dead (Olili Ndi Ushi).

This explains why Egyptian gods wear animal heads (see plates 11b, 9b, 13a, b). They are wearing their traditional Igbo masquerade images. Plate 7c below:

An Egyptian image of the Duat showing a rough representation of the pile of slag rocks looking like blocks; the X, a known symbol of Osiris represents the Oshuru Mound where the hole is; the Two Magical Trees are facing each other as in Lejja, the Stairway, sometimes called a “ladder” is located left. The mighty hollow Tree of Osiris can be seen on the extreme left. All three trees look like flagpoles, the Egyptian hieroglyphic letter for ‘god’. (from Andrew Collins, Beneath the Pyramids, 2010, p. 72.

Plate 9b: Another image associated with the Duat in Egypt clearly showing pillars surrounding a mound like the Oshuru shrine of Lejja. The stairway can be seen on the chest of the crescent with an antelope head.

Plate     7C

The crescent is the matches the one in Lejja and the antelope head implies a forest environment.

This image also seems to represent the lead masquerade of the Lejja Festival of the Dead (Omoba masquerades) who wears an antelope head.and carries bells on the head area as well as sticks for caning offenders. It is called Icharicha. (Opata. C., “The Ethnography of Otobo Ugwu Dunoka”, unpublished paper, p. 14, 23). Great House of Two Truths: Osiris proudly referred to himself as “the victorious scribe of Ani”, “the favoured one of his divine city”, “Lord of the Mouth of the tomb” the one whose “throne is placed within the darkness’, while his princes in Lejja/Igboland/Nigeria “make festivals for him in Annu” – “he shall do whatsoever pleaseth him even as the gods who are in the underworld, for everlasting millions of ages, world without end”.

Osiris refers to the Duat as the Hall of Double Truth, and frequent references to it in various Egyptian texts maintain that it is a Great House of Two Truths, represented by two lions sitting back to back as if in opposition to each other.

Plate      8 Place of Iron-Slags Pillars

This too is the tradition at the Odegwoo (Benben) shrine in Lejja. We are told that this is the only shrine in Igbo land, where one shrine has two priests who make offerings at the same time but with separate incantations and prayers.

The two priests are said to be forever in competition while praying, for which reason they each pray silently so as not to be overheard or copied by each other. The Two Truths may be a reference to the duality of life such as the unity of male and female, sun and moon, night and day – the yin and the yang.

The House of Fire: The third sacred monument in this section after the stairway and the two magical trees, is a House that the villagers call the ‘Furnace House’ (Plate 10). It is named Okiti Akpuriagedege in local parlance and is built exactly like a furnace - a tubular mud house with a small door and no windows. The natives say it is the meeting and resting house for the Dead. As in the Egyptian tradition everything associated with the Duat has to do with the Living Dead.

The Duat is called “the Land of the Dead”, and also “Black Land” - a reference to its black population.  The Lejja furnace house is where the Dead Ancestors who were smiths in past ages congregate during the annual Covenant Renewal Festival between the Dead and the Living (Olili Ndi Ushi). Like any furnace, the Lejja furnace house is a house of fire. It is, doubtless, to say, the original model of the Egyptian “House of Fire” (plate 10) whose images as represented in The Book of the Dead, is very akin to the Lejja Furnace House.

Plate      9A

                                                            Plate 10a (further below): The House of Fire at Lejja.    Plate 10b (further below): The House of Fire extreme right of the pic. The god Anubis is conducting the dead Pharaoh into the House of Fire amid wailing relatives and black African native priests.

Ashura – The Sacred Groove of Osiris; The Celestial Disc Symbol of Ra and the Table of the Sun: The symbol of the Celestial Disc in Lejja is called Oshuru. It is the rounded pile of slag surrounded by the huge crescent-shaped pile (plate 11).

The Book of the Dead says that the Duat city of Abydos in Heliopolis was called Busiris – ‘House of Osiris’. The word Busiris – ‘House of Osiris’ is an Igbo expression, meaning Obu Oshuru – ‘House of Oshuru’ or ‘House of Osiris’! From this perspective, it can be further confirmed that Osiris, the Lord of the Egyptian Duat, was the Lord of the Lejja smelters. The Oshuru object in Lejja is in the shape of the celestial disc/mound.

It is flanked by a crescent-shaped pile of slag rounded into a circle around the disc (plate 6, 11). Egyptian images and symbols created by the combination of disc, crescent and surrounding circle are: a winged disc; a circle with a dot in the center (symbol of Ra); the sun coursing along the roof of heaven or gliding under the bosom of the mother goddess Nut; the sun traveling inside the boat of millions of years (plate 6).

Plate      9B

                                   
Plate 11a, b: The Celestial Disc where the bottomless pit is located. 11 b: The god Thoth bearing the Celestial Disc inside a crescent moon, as in plate 6, far above.

The Boat of Millions of Years is a metaphor for the River Niger – the Traverser of Millions of Years. Egyptians believed that it was on the BACK (metaphorical ‘BARK/BOAT’) of the River Niger that civilization, like the sun, rode to get to Egypt in North Africa, borne by the gods Thoth, Maat and Osiris (plate 12).

From all indications, the Eastern side of Heaven, from where the sun rises out of the underground Duat is Enugu State, marked by the mouth of the Duat in Lejja, while the Western side of Heaven is Anambra State, marked by the Niger/Omambala/Ezu double confluence (Egypt’s ‘Double Nest’) in Aguleri, where the Sun takes a dip and goes to sleep in the night. A Double Confluence is a rare phenomenon. The Egyptians could not have missed it.

Plate      10A The House of Fire at Lejja

The dot in the center of a circle in the Lejja shrine is arranged with piles of slag into a “fortified circle” as implied in ancient Egyptian texts. This is the popular Egyptian symbol of the Ra. The dot is the Sun while the circle around it represents the Mother Goddess Neith/Nut who represents the sky enveloping the Sun’s celestial disc. These concepts are also ingrained in Igbo metaphysics, implying that it was Igbos who introduced these concepts in Egypt.

Accordingly, Prof. John Umeh reveals that the dot in the center of the circle is “Mgba Aka, which in its original purity is the alternative terminology (for) Mgba Nne Chukwu – ‘Circle of the Mother of God’, and is enshrined in the ancient Igbo Astronomical symbol of a circle with a dot in its center.

Plate     10B

This mystical symbol, according to him, is the Sun’s Astrological symbol of ancient Egypt and Igbos as is used today in Igbo astral divination.”

Here is more than enough evidence of a tie between Egyptian and Igbo metaphysics, for the dot in the circle, famously known as the symbol of Ra, is in actuality a Mother Symbol alluding to the womb of Nun where the Sun god dwells and from which he rose at the First Time of Creation.

The circle with a dot in the center is the central monument in Lejja! Nun is the Egyptian name for the Waters of the Beginning, from which the Sun-god rose, but it is also the name of one of the Delta tributaries of the River Niger.

The entire complex of the Lejja shrine is laid out on the ground surface like a table. Citing Herodotus The Histories III, in his own book, The Stairway to Heaven, Zecharia Sitchen revealed that king Cambyses of Persia sent soldiers on a hazardous journey across the Sahara into Sub-Saharan Africa in search of a mythical Table of the Sun. He lost his entire army in the process.

Plate      11A

Yet he did not find what we have found.

The Lejja Table of the Sun has the overall appearance of a huge Eye looking up to heaven – the so-called Eye of Ra.

In the year 500 B.C., Alexander the Great made the same journey in search of the abode of the gods of Egypt. Biblical Moses made the same journey to the land of Ham and Canaan’s God when he was looking for divine help against the Pharaoh of Egypt. This God is known in the Hebrew Old Testament as El – ‘the Hidden One’. In Igbo tradition, he is known as Ele. The name Ele is enshrined in the words Lejja, which means Ele Jaa (“Ele is Hidden”).

We also gathered in an interview with the natives that the hill where the ancestor of the Lejja people is worshipped is called Ugwele/Ugwu Ele. Ugwu Ele is the name of the hill in Abia State where the Early Stone Age ape-men lived before moving to Lejja.

Plate     11B

As weird as this may sound (and as stated in the preface to the first edition of They Lived Before Adam) Okwara Ugwele was the title of the putative ancestor of the natives of Orlu town in Imo state, the native home of this writer!  Plate 12 below:

The River Niger (representing the Goddesses Nut/Nun) on which the Igbo gods Atum-Ra, Maat and Thoth sail like the sun by boat to Egypt (extreme left). The trio arriving in Egypt (extreme right). Atum – The Igbo Opara Adama:

The presence of the names of two famous gods of Sumer Utu and Adad in the Lejja pantheon of local gods tells us that the Lejja iron technology was part of the Mother pot of Sumerian civilization, a civilization originally located in ancient Nigeria before migrations to the Middle East took place.  The issue of a West African location of early Sumer, is no more a matter of surmise, but a reality. As pre-empting our forth-coming book Eden and Sumer on the Niger, a new book by Hermel Hermstein titled Black Sumer - An African Origin of Civilization, has broken the deadlock surrounding Africa’s contribution to Sumerian civilization by advancing a West Africa mother tongue for Sumerians.

Anchored on the linguistic argument that the ancient Sumerians who midwife the Babylonian, Assyrian and Mesopotamian civilizations that later sprung up in the Middle East, spoke the Niger-Congo language of ancient Nigeria and Cameroon. Hermstein posits that “Proto Niger-Congo has been estimated to date back to between 8,500 B.C. and 11,000 B.C.!” The story of Creation in Eden was passed down from Sumer and became part of the mythologies of the whole world.

Plate    13A

In Lejja and in Igbo mythology these powerful ancients who never died were and are still being referred to as Ndi Ushi.

Their descendants were called and are still Adama in Igbo and Idoma languages, and Atama by the Edo and Igala people. They function as priests if the earth goddess Eze ana, and as First sons God among humanity. Adama/Atama means “Founding Father of the race” in Igbo, Idoma, and Igala. For this reason, they are called Opara Adama in Igbo language.

Opara Adama is the traditional Igbo truest form of kingship resting upon the Adamas by divine primogeniture direct from the god of the immortal Ape-men, who is the invisible God of this Earth Ele/El/Adum/Amun.

Modern Igbo Masquerade

That this concept was carried from Igbo land into Egypt and was the origin of the Pharaohnic dynasties of Egypt, is evident from the fact that, according to the Wikipedia definition of Atum, the word Pharaoh is derived from Par-Atama, which is derived from Par-Atum/Par-Aat –

‘Son of the Great Royal House of Atum’, derived from Igbo Opara Atum in Igbo.

It is in reference to those First Ancestors who never died and the later ancestors who died and found eternal life in the Duat, that Egyptians refer to their ‘Heaven’ or its Igbo land location as the Land of the Living and Land of the Dead. The Igbo, Igala, Benin/Edo and Idoma belong to the Kwa linguistic family of the Niger-Congo, which as we have seen in this piece, is genetically linked with the Canaanites.

Waddell insists that Par-aat is the origin of words like Bharat (the Bharat clan of Mahabharata epic of India) and Brit from which is derived from Britannia and Britain. Indeed all nations in existence came from the one Post Deluge putative ancestor of the Kwa tribes, whom the Nigerian (Edo, Idoma, Igbo, Benin, Yoruba) mythologies call Eri/Iduu Eri or Obatala/Oduduwa). End of part 4 0f 10. The next blog 19/02/19.

Duat, Igbo, Nsukka, Hills, Lejja, Egyptian, Dunu Oka, Orunmila

The Geographical Environment of the Duat
A vital pointer to the geography of the Duat is the statement in The Book of the Dead that the Heart of the Duat, called Restau “is the underworld … on the south of Naarutf and it is the northern door…”. “Naarutf/An-rutf mean in Coptic - the language of native Egyptians - ‘It never Sprouteth” or “Place where there is neither Sprouting of Seeds nor of growth’.

Egyptian depiction of the Duat

An-rutf and Naarutf are cognates of Igbo words Ani Erutefu and Naerutefu which mean “Land that Supports no Growth’ and ‘That Cannot Sprout’, respectively. This is an obvious reference to the Sahara desert. A place located south of the Sahara is a West African location! The northern door of such a place implies, in this case, the northern area of Igbo land. Nsukka is located in Northern Igbo land!

COMPARATIVE ANALYSES WITH EVIDENCE FOUND IN LEJJA
The Eastern Side of Heaven: The Egyptian reference to the Duat (the Egyptian name for the underground Dwelling of the God Amun) as being located in the “East” or “Eastern side of Heaven” is, we believe, a reference to Igbo land traditionally known as “the East” or “the Land of the Rising Sun”. The Duat is called ‘Heaven’ by the ancient Egyptians, for that is where the good Pharaohs go when they die, to spend their Afterlife in the company of the Father of the gods, Amun.

River niger at Sunset

The Duat is traditionally located in the place where the ancient Egyptians believed the Sun rises and sets, and both locations are in the Eastern region of Nigeria – Igbo land. Traditionally, Igbo people also believed like the ancient Egyptians that their heaven is under the earth, which suggests that these ancient Egyptians were Igbos.

The Chains of Hills: Our first in the list of the geographical landmarks of the Duat found in Nsukka area is the chains of hills, which according to Zacharia Sitchen, marks the fourth region of the Duat. Nsukka is interspaced by chains of hills. Not only is Nsukka full of hills, Lejja is also surrounded by chains of hills, with some still showing evidence of ancient terrace farming, which the natives are proud to showcase.

Sahara Desert near Northern Nigeria

Enugwu State where Nsukka is located is a state marked by chains of hills, so too, is Nsukka town and the roads leading to it. C.C. Opata states that “hills are included in the deities of Lejja”, and that within Lejja itself are located the following hills: Ugwu Amushi, Ugwu Nkwo, Ugwu Nwadike, Ugwu Amagu, and Ugwu Amaovuku.

The Famous Three Hills and Two Hills of Egyptian hieroglyphics: In all ancient Egyptian texts, two major hieroglyph letters that mark the location of the Duat are Three Hills and Two Hills. Most Egyptologists translate the three hills and two hills hieroglyphs (plate 1)  as ‘foreign land’ and or ‘desert’.

Enugu's step pyramids, Enugu State, Nigeria

But L.A. Waddell in his comparative study of Sumerian symbol-writing and Egyptian hieroglyphics made a very important discovery.

He found that the Egyptian word for ‘desert’ occurs in Sumerian inscriptions under the name Du or Dun, which is written in Egyptian with the three hills and two hills hieroglyphic letters, and that over the years, the Three Hills and Two Hills have been read by Egyptians as ‘Desert’.

He noted that the actual Sumerian meaning for ‘desert’ is “mound, earthworks or sand hills (– in other words that these hills were piled up sand)” Waddell reveals that the Sumerian word DN –the name for these sand mounds  - is a sun title and that the fifth pharaoh after Menes (in Egypt’s first dynastic king) bore the title Dun Du.

All these revelations go to show that the Egyptian Three Hills and Two Hills symbols are referential landmarks for actual Three Hills and Two Hills located in the place called Dunu Oka in Enugu State; that the gods of Egypt created these hills by piling up sand, as a way-shower and landmark pointing to the Duat!

Also, one is led to the conclusion that the fifth Pharaoh after Menes in Egypt’s first dynasty, who was said to have borne the name Dun Du/Dan would have been a native of Dunu Oka, Nsukka, Enugu or Heliopolis in Igbo land! Perhaps the word Du-At is derived from Dunu Atum! Dunu means ‘Lord’ in Igbo. It also means ‘to settle/to sit’- ‘The Place Where Atum Sits’! The Enugu's step pyramids, in Enugu State, Eastern-Nigeria has been speculated by Professor Achonolu to be the Sumerian lost City of Akkad.

On the road to Nsukka University town, one is shocked to actually see on both sides of the road, one after the other, the actual Two Hills and Three Hills (plate 2) looking every inch as if they are tailored and barbed daily with no trees and high foliage on any of them.

Plate   1.

This confirms the Sumerian explanation for the Three Hills and Two Hills as “sand mounds”, piled up by ancient Igbo god-men rulers of Egypt. This revelation also confirms a Nigeria-based ancient Sumer – the origin of civilization.

Plate 1: The Egyptian Three Hills and Two Hills hieroglyphic letters. Plate 2: Three Hills near Ozalla (by C. Acholonu), and  Plate 3: Two Hills (by A. Animalu) near Umuoka on the road to Lejja, Nsukka, Enugu State. The Hole in the Earth: The Egyptian City of the Sun was known by the ancient name An, Biblical On, meaning ‘Hole’. Egyptian texts refer to this place as “the mouth of the earth… the eastern door of heaven” – “the Gateway to Heaven”. The Igbo word for ‘Hole’ is Onu.

There is a hole in the ground in the Lejja shrine at Dunu Oka (see plate 12, the hole is under the mound/celestial disc). The hole is covered with a mound of black iron slag. The villagers claim that the hole is bottomless and those ritual offerings are made to it at annual festivals to the Dead ancestors. This, of course, is “the mouth of the earth” that leads into the Duat.

Plate    2.

By Egyptian tradition the sun to ends its daily course at a place called Abydos in Heliopolis, and to enter into the Tuat (Duat) at this place through a gap (hole) in the mountains called in Egyptian peq.”

The Egyptian hieroglyphic letters for peq - consist of a cross within a circle (which is the symbol of Khemmenu and/or Heliopolis), a bush foul, a staircase representing the Stairway to Heaven, and a symbol meaning Theth – ‘Sunrise’ – (Igbo Teta means ‘Wake up’). Peq (hole) is derived from the Igbo word mpio okwa, which means ‘Bush fowl’s escape hole’. All these words and their corresponding metaphors for the movement of the sun belong to the Igbo linguistic and cultural environment.

 Plate   3.

Africa’s most celebrated poet, the late Christopher Okigbo, a former librarian at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, gave the title Heaven’s Gate to his only collection of poems. In the collection, he wrote about a visit into the bowels of the earth to draw inspiration from the gods of ‘Heaven’ who dwell inside the earth.

The poems treat themes such as the ‘Last Judgment’; an adventure-like journey through several stations inside a Duat-like environment; the encounter with gods of various appearances and roles in the bowels of the earth, ritual prayers at every station,; Death, Burial in an Egyptian stone sarcophagus, and resurrection…

Knowing what we now know about the Egyptian Duat, it is obvious to us that Christopher Okigbo knew about the Duat located in the bowels of the earth in Igbo land and of its “mouth” located in Nsukka University’s neighboring town of Lejja. Perhaps he was an initiate of the Dunu Oka shrine of Horus and Osiris.

Oshuru's Shrine at the top of this image

The Conical Benben Mound: A Conical object called the Benben is the major landmark of the Duat in Heliopolis. Egyptian texts say that it was a conical or tower-like structure with a strange stone on its tip.

The Benben was, in fact, the original model of the Egyptian pyramid, thus the hieroglyph for the pyramid (a conical form with a rectangular base) was actually an image of the Benben.

Ralph Ellis in Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs notes that “the Benben is one of the most ancient traditions in Egypt. It was centered on the (legend of the prehistoric) city of Heliopolis and the temple of the Phoenix… Legend presumes that the original Benben stone at Heliopolis went missing around 2,000 B.C.” And Ellis posits that the Benben is a phallic symbol projecting Amun’s sexuality in siring divine children/gods.

There is an ancient dilapidated model of the Benben in Lejja. It is a conical structure made of mud, with huge round blocks of slag piled around its base in a graded step-pyramid style (plate 4).

Plate       4. A

The Lejja example of the Egyptian Benben is called Odegwoo. Dr. Chukwuma Opata, in his study of the Lejja sacred monuments, noted that Odegwoo is a “conical” shrine object “associated with fertility and procreation,” and that all children born in the town are ritually registered and dedicated to it by the shrine priests.

This, in fact, links the Lejja conical structure with the phallic sexual and procreative Benben of Egypt’s Heliopolis, for both are procreative and are associated with the process of sexual siring of children in both cultures! In both cases, the Benben is understood to be a representative of the phallus of the god of the conical structure/Benben. Accordingly, this god is the father of all children born in Lejja and of all the gods of Egypt.

Plate      4. B

The 2,000 B.C. date of the disappearance of the Egyptian Benben stone might have been connected with the 2,000 B.C. archaeological date for Lejja iron smelting furnaces. 2023 B.C, was also the date of the destruction of Sumer and the rise of new Sumerian cities in the Middle East – Babylon, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Akkad. Perhaps what happened was that by 2,000 B.C. Heliopolis of Igbo land was abandoned when Sumer fell.

The priests migrated finally to Egypt or crossed over to start new civilizations in Bantu Africa and the Middle East under the old names of Sumerian cities, Assyria (Oshuru), Babylon, Akkad, Mesopotamia, Uruk.

Note: By looking at the map of Africa as a whole, including many ancient tribes and myths, it is absolutely impossible for the Igbo tribe to evolve to modern man, and also be the sole ancestors of the ancient Egyptians, independent of the many other African tribes before and all around them, at the time. Especially the Yoruba tribes who are the next door neighbour to the Igbo tribes. They have their own Flood and Creation Myth parallel to the Igbo Creation Myth.

ARGUMENT AGAINST
For example; the Igbo God Nri and also called Orunmila in Yorubaland, Thoth or Tehuti, in Egypt, Hermes Trismegistus in Greece and different names in China, Japan, Australia (Aboriginal Myth), and in both South and North Americas, cannot be unique to the Igbo tribes alone.

True Egyptian Benben Stone

Orunmila! The witness of fate Second to Oludumare (GOD or The Supreme Architect)) Thou are far more efficacious than medicine, Thou are the Immense Orbit that averts the day of Death. My Lord, Almighty that saved mysterious Spirit that fought death. To Thee, a salutation is first due in the morning.

Thou are the Equilibrium that adjusts World Forces. Thou art the One whose exertion it is to reconstruct the creature of the bad lot. Repairer of bad-luck, He who knows thee becomes immortal Lord, the indisputable king, Perfect in the House of Wisdom! My Lord! Infinite in knowledge! For not knowing thee in full, we are futile, Oh, if we could but know thee in full, all would be well with us. Ase o, Amen, Amun or Amen-Re.

Furthermore, Orunmila, in order to make access to the retrieval of the Divine Message (Ifa) easy, devised the computer compatible binary coding system, thousands of years before the emergence of computer consciousness in so-called modern man! So, Ifa is preserved in binary coded format and is output Parable - Format. According to many indigenous African legends, "their gods once existed as humans and had their way of communicating. Prior to their disappearance, they left with the people a means to communicate with them in the outer realm (Oracle Divination Systems)."

Omphalos Greek Version of the Benben Stone

"Ifa Oracle divination is based on the square of 16=16x16=256, 2^8 corresponding to the vertices of an 8-dimensional hypercube and to the binary 2-choice Clifford algebra C1(8) and so to related ones such as C1(8)xC1(8) = C1(16).

Since the number of sub-hypercubes in an 8-dimensional hypercube is 6,561 =81x81= 3^8. The Ifa Oracle has N=8 ternary 3-structure as well as binary 2-structure."

In addition; the Igbo God Eshi and also called Obatala in Yorubaland told us a similar story about flood and creation myth, apart from the fact that the tools employed to dry the land are slightly different.

Instead of Oka Smiths, Hills, and Bellows, in Igbo Flood and Creation Mythology, the Yoruba Flood and Creation Mythology, stated a snail's shell filled with sand, a white hen, a black cat, palm nut and a Chain (Signifying DNA).

Homer in an often-quoted passage tells how the Greek gods used to go on their feast-days to Ethiopia to commune with their ancestors. Dionysius wrote, “Upon the great Atlantic (formally known as Sea of Ethiopia), near the isle of Eritrea, for his pastures famed, the sacred race of Ethiopians dwell.” The original Niger-Congo 11,000 BCE, the homeland in the general vicinity of the upper Nile valley is probably as good a hypothesis as any.

From such a homeland, a westward Mande migration may have begun well over 5000 years ago. Perhaps the earliest division within this group resulted in the isolation of what is now represented only by Bobo-figure (Burkino-Fasso).

Illustration of 8 Dimensional Divination Plates

Somewhat later— perhaps 3500 to 4500 years ago, and possibly from a new homeland around northern Dahomey [now Benin]— the ancestors of the present Northern-western Mande peoples began pushing farther west, ultimately reaching their present homeland in the grasslands and forests of West Africa.

We have to remember that the Greek historian informs us what the Egyptians told him directly concerning their origins and customs. We are told by Diodorus that:

They say also that the Egyptians are colonists sent out by the Ethiopians, Osiris having been the leader of the colony…And the larger part of the customs of the Egyptians are, they hold Ethiopian, the colonists still preserving their ancient manners.

For instance, the belief that their kings are gods, the very special attention which they pay to their burials, and many other matters of a similar nature are Ethiopian practices, while the shapes of their statues and the forms of their letters are Ethiopian; for of the two kinds of writing which the Egyptians have, that which is known as "popular" (demotic) is learned by everyone, while that which is called "sacred" is understood only by the priests of the Egyptians, who learn it from their fathers as one of the things which are not divulged, but among the Ethiopians everyone uses these forms of letters.

Iwo-Eleru Cave, where the Skulls were found, also called Iho-Eleru, 'Iho' meaning Hole in the Yoruba Language

Furthermore, the orders of the priests, they maintain, have much the same position among both peoples; for all are clean who are engaged in the service of the gods, keeping themselves shaven, like the Ethiopian priests, and having the same dress and form of staff, which is shaped like a plough and is carried by their kings, who wear high felt hats which end in a knob at the top and are circled by the serpents which they call asps; and this symbol appears to carry the thought that it will be a lot of those who shall dare to attack the king to encounter death-carrying stings.

Iwo-Eleru Skulls: Iwo-Eleru, Ondo State, Western-Nigeria, Yorubaland. The cast of the Iwo Eleru skull shows marks of a more ancient ancestor "[The skull] has got a much more primitive appearance, even though it is only 13,000 years old," said Chris Stringer, from London's Natural History Museum, who was part of the team of researchers.

Igbo God Eshin also called Obatala in Yorubaland

Similar Skulls was discovered in Tanzania dating back a whopping 140,000 BC. These ancient humans skulls were discovered alongside modern-human at the time, suggesting at that point in history, ancient men were living side-by-side with modern humans and teaching them their ancient ways.

"This suggests that human evolution in Africa was more complex... the transition to modern humans was not a straight transition and then a cut-off." Prof Stringer thinks that ancient humans did not die away once they had given rise to modern humans.

They may have continued to live alongside their descendants in Africa, perhaps exchanging genes with them, until more recently than had been thought. The researchers say their findings also underscore a real lack of knowledge of human evolution in the region.

Ancient Zambia: Zambia is famous for its ancient schematic rock art. Northern Province has the highest concentration of rock art in Zambia and paintings are mainly found in and around rocky overhangs and caves. The most famous site is Mwela, about 7 miles east of the town of  Kasama which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The oldest in Zambia have been dated to between 350,000 and 400,000 years old! Many more are yet to be discovered.

Map of West and Central Africa

Ancient Gabon: The forest-savanna interface typical of central Gabon is well preserved in the park, and ecological and archaeological evidence shows that the area was inhabited almost continuously from late Palaeolithic times 350-400,000 years ago to the present. Scattered across the landscape is an exceptional archaeological record of successive cultures including the remains of Palaeolithic tools, Neolithic villages around 4,000 years old and Iron Age metal-working sites from 2,500 years ago. The Lope area has been inhabited for nearly 400,000 years and there are numerous artifacts telling the tales of the ancient hunter-gatherer settlements.

The Ogooué River has been a major trading route through these times and a road was built through the north of the park in the 1960s. The area was opened to forestry by the building of the railway in the 1980s this connects the national park to both Ivindo and Libreville. One can conclude that there was a lateral transmission from the East to the West, not only across the southern Sahara but also across all of Sudan to the Nile and Niger, the location of origin being in both cases Nubia.

The assertion by Professor Achonolu, that all Egyptian Pharaoh are direct descendants of Igbo people without considering the fact that other African tribes may well have contributed to the Pharaoh gene-pool as well. This claim by Professor Achonolu of Igbo exclusivity is sounding more and more improbable. We agreed with the research that the ancestors of the ancient Egyptian are from the Niger-Congo Civilisation made up from a family of nations tribes, of which the Igbo tribes are part of. End of part 3 of 10. Next Blog 13/02/19.