Duat, Igbo, Nsukka, Hills, Lejja, Egyptian, Dunu Oka, Orunmila

The Geographical Environment of the Duat
A vital pointer to the geography of the Duat is the statement in The Book of the Dead that the Heart of the Duat, called Restau “is the underworld … on the south of Naarutf and it is the northern door…”. “Naarutf/An-rutf mean in Coptic - the language of native Egyptians - ‘It never Sprouteth” or “Place where there is neither Sprouting of Seeds nor of growth’.

Egyptian depiction of the Duat

An-rutf and Naarutf are cognates of Igbo words Ani Erutefu and Naerutefu which mean “Land that Supports no Growth’ and ‘That Cannot Sprout’, respectively. This is an obvious reference to the Sahara desert. A place located south of the Sahara is a West African location! The northern door of such a place implies, in this case, the northern area of Igbo land. Nsukka is located in Northern Igbo land!

COMPARATIVE ANALYSES WITH EVIDENCE FOUND IN LEJJA
The Eastern Side of Heaven: The Egyptian reference to the Duat (the Egyptian name for the underground Dwelling of the God Amun) as being located in the “East” or “Eastern side of Heaven” is, we believe, a reference to Igbo land traditionally known as “the East” or “the Land of the Rising Sun”. The Duat is called ‘Heaven’ by the ancient Egyptians, for that is where the good Pharaohs go when they die, to spend their Afterlife in the company of the Father of the gods, Amun.

River niger at Sunset

The Duat is traditionally located in the place where the ancient Egyptians believed the Sun rises and sets, and both locations are in the Eastern region of Nigeria – Igbo land. Traditionally, Igbo people also believed like the ancient Egyptians that their heaven is under the earth, which suggests that these ancient Egyptians were Igbos.

The Chains of Hills: Our first in the list of the geographical landmarks of the Duat found in Nsukka area is the chains of hills, which according to Zacharia Sitchen, marks the fourth region of the Duat. Nsukka is interspaced by chains of hills. Not only is Nsukka full of hills, Lejja is also surrounded by chains of hills, with some still showing evidence of ancient terrace farming, which the natives are proud to showcase.

Sahara Desert near Northern Nigeria

Enugwu State where Nsukka is located is a state marked by chains of hills, so too, is Nsukka town and the roads leading to it. C.C. Opata states that “hills are included in the deities of Lejja”, and that within Lejja itself are located the following hills: Ugwu Amushi, Ugwu Nkwo, Ugwu Nwadike, Ugwu Amagu, and Ugwu Amaovuku.

The Famous Three Hills and Two Hills of Egyptian hieroglyphics: In all ancient Egyptian texts, two major hieroglyph letters that mark the location of the Duat are Three Hills and Two Hills. Most Egyptologists translate the three hills and two hills hieroglyphs (plate 1)  as ‘foreign land’ and or ‘desert’.

Enugu's step pyramids, Enugu State, Nigeria

But L.A. Waddell in his comparative study of Sumerian symbol-writing and Egyptian hieroglyphics made a very important discovery.

He found that the Egyptian word for ‘desert’ occurs in Sumerian inscriptions under the name Du or Dun, which is written in Egyptian with the three hills and two hills hieroglyphic letters, and that over the years, the Three Hills and Two Hills have been read by Egyptians as ‘Desert’.

He noted that the actual Sumerian meaning for ‘desert’ is “mound, earthworks or sand hills (– in other words that these hills were piled up sand)” Waddell reveals that the Sumerian word DN –the name for these sand mounds  - is a sun title and that the fifth pharaoh after Menes (in Egypt’s first dynastic king) bore the title Dun Du.

All these revelations go to show that the Egyptian Three Hills and Two Hills symbols are referential landmarks for actual Three Hills and Two Hills located in the place called Dunu Oka in Enugu State; that the gods of Egypt created these hills by piling up sand, as a way-shower and landmark pointing to the Duat!

Also, one is led to the conclusion that the fifth Pharaoh after Menes in Egypt’s first dynasty, who was said to have borne the name Dun Du/Dan would have been a native of Dunu Oka, Nsukka, Enugu or Heliopolis in Igbo land! Perhaps the word Du-At is derived from Dunu Atum! Dunu means ‘Lord’ in Igbo. It also means ‘to settle/to sit’- ‘The Place Where Atum Sits’! The Enugu's step pyramids, in Enugu State, Eastern-Nigeria has been speculated by Professor Achonolu to be the Sumerian lost City of Akkad.

On the road to Nsukka University town, one is shocked to actually see on both sides of the road, one after the other, the actual Two Hills and Three Hills (plate 2) looking every inch as if they are tailored and barbed daily with no trees and high foliage on any of them.

Plate   1.

This confirms the Sumerian explanation for the Three Hills and Two Hills as “sand mounds”, piled up by ancient Igbo god-men rulers of Egypt. This revelation also confirms a Nigeria-based ancient Sumer – the origin of civilization.

Plate 1: The Egyptian Three Hills and Two Hills hieroglyphic letters. Plate 2: Three Hills near Ozalla (by C. Acholonu), and  Plate 3: Two Hills (by A. Animalu) near Umuoka on the road to Lejja, Nsukka, Enugu State. The Hole in the Earth: The Egyptian City of the Sun was known by the ancient name An, Biblical On, meaning ‘Hole’. Egyptian texts refer to this place as “the mouth of the earth… the eastern door of heaven” – “the Gateway to Heaven”. The Igbo word for ‘Hole’ is Onu.

There is a hole in the ground in the Lejja shrine at Dunu Oka (see plate 12, the hole is under the mound/celestial disc). The hole is covered with a mound of black iron slag. The villagers claim that the hole is bottomless and those ritual offerings are made to it at annual festivals to the Dead ancestors. This, of course, is “the mouth of the earth” that leads into the Duat.

Plate    2.

By Egyptian tradition the sun to ends its daily course at a place called Abydos in Heliopolis, and to enter into the Tuat (Duat) at this place through a gap (hole) in the mountains called in Egyptian peq.”

The Egyptian hieroglyphic letters for peq - consist of a cross within a circle (which is the symbol of Khemmenu and/or Heliopolis), a bush foul, a staircase representing the Stairway to Heaven, and a symbol meaning Theth – ‘Sunrise’ – (Igbo Teta means ‘Wake up’). Peq (hole) is derived from the Igbo word mpio okwa, which means ‘Bush fowl’s escape hole’. All these words and their corresponding metaphors for the movement of the sun belong to the Igbo linguistic and cultural environment.

 Plate   3.

Africa’s most celebrated poet, the late Christopher Okigbo, a former librarian at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, gave the title Heaven’s Gate to his only collection of poems. In the collection, he wrote about a visit into the bowels of the earth to draw inspiration from the gods of ‘Heaven’ who dwell inside the earth.

The poems treat themes such as the ‘Last Judgment’; an adventure-like journey through several stations inside a Duat-like environment; the encounter with gods of various appearances and roles in the bowels of the earth, ritual prayers at every station,; Death, Burial in an Egyptian stone sarcophagus, and resurrection…

Knowing what we now know about the Egyptian Duat, it is obvious to us that Christopher Okigbo knew about the Duat located in the bowels of the earth in Igbo land and of its “mouth” located in Nsukka University’s neighboring town of Lejja. Perhaps he was an initiate of the Dunu Oka shrine of Horus and Osiris.

Oshuru's Shrine at the top of this image

The Conical Benben Mound: A Conical object called the Benben is the major landmark of the Duat in Heliopolis. Egyptian texts say that it was a conical or tower-like structure with a strange stone on its tip.

The Benben was, in fact, the original model of the Egyptian pyramid, thus the hieroglyph for the pyramid (a conical form with a rectangular base) was actually an image of the Benben.

Ralph Ellis in Jesus, Last of the Pharaohs notes that “the Benben is one of the most ancient traditions in Egypt. It was centered on the (legend of the prehistoric) city of Heliopolis and the temple of the Phoenix… Legend presumes that the original Benben stone at Heliopolis went missing around 2,000 B.C.” And Ellis posits that the Benben is a phallic symbol projecting Amun’s sexuality in siring divine children/gods.

There is an ancient dilapidated model of the Benben in Lejja. It is a conical structure made of mud, with huge round blocks of slag piled around its base in a graded step-pyramid style (plate 4).

Plate       4. A

The Lejja example of the Egyptian Benben is called Odegwoo. Dr. Chukwuma Opata, in his study of the Lejja sacred monuments, noted that Odegwoo is a “conical” shrine object “associated with fertility and procreation,” and that all children born in the town are ritually registered and dedicated to it by the shrine priests.

This, in fact, links the Lejja conical structure with the phallic sexual and procreative Benben of Egypt’s Heliopolis, for both are procreative and are associated with the process of sexual siring of children in both cultures! In both cases, the Benben is understood to be a representative of the phallus of the god of the conical structure/Benben. Accordingly, this god is the father of all children born in Lejja and of all the gods of Egypt.

Plate      4. B

The 2,000 B.C. date of the disappearance of the Egyptian Benben stone might have been connected with the 2,000 B.C. archaeological date for Lejja iron smelting furnaces. 2023 B.C, was also the date of the destruction of Sumer and the rise of new Sumerian cities in the Middle East – Babylon, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Akkad. Perhaps what happened was that by 2,000 B.C. Heliopolis of Igbo land was abandoned when Sumer fell.

The priests migrated finally to Egypt or crossed over to start new civilizations in Bantu Africa and the Middle East under the old names of Sumerian cities, Assyria (Oshuru), Babylon, Akkad, Mesopotamia, Uruk.

Note: By looking at the map of Africa as a whole, including many ancient tribes and myths, it is absolutely impossible for the Igbo tribe to evolve to modern man, and also be the sole ancestors of the ancient Egyptians, independent of the many other African tribes before and all around them, at the time. Especially the Yoruba tribes who are the next door neighbour to the Igbo tribes. They have their own Flood and Creation Myth parallel to the Igbo Creation Myth.

ARGUMENT AGAINST
For example; the Igbo God Nri and also called Orunmila in Yorubaland, Thoth or Tehuti, in Egypt, Hermes Trismegistus in Greece and different names in China, Japan, Australia (Aboriginal Myth), and in both South and North Americas, cannot be unique to the Igbo tribes alone.

True Egyptian Benben Stone

Orunmila! The witness of fate Second to Oludumare (GOD or The Supreme Architect)) Thou are far more efficacious than medicine, Thou are the Immense Orbit that averts the day of Death. My Lord, Almighty that saved mysterious Spirit that fought death. To Thee, a salutation is first due in the morning.

Thou are the Equilibrium that adjusts World Forces. Thou art the One whose exertion it is to reconstruct the creature of the bad lot. Repairer of bad-luck, He who knows thee becomes immortal Lord, the indisputable king, Perfect in the House of Wisdom! My Lord! Infinite in knowledge! For not knowing thee in full, we are futile, Oh, if we could but know thee in full, all would be well with us. Ase o, Amen, Amun or Amen-Re.

Furthermore, Orunmila, in order to make access to the retrieval of the Divine Message (Ifa) easy, devised the computer compatible binary coding system, thousands of years before the emergence of computer consciousness in so-called modern man! So, Ifa is preserved in binary coded format and is output Parable - Format. According to many indigenous African legends, "their gods once existed as humans and had their way of communicating. Prior to their disappearance, they left with the people a means to communicate with them in the outer realm (Oracle Divination Systems)."

Omphalos Greek Version of the Benben Stone

"Ifa Oracle divination is based on the square of 16=16x16=256, 2^8 corresponding to the vertices of an 8-dimensional hypercube and to the binary 2-choice Clifford algebra C1(8) and so to related ones such as C1(8)xC1(8) = C1(16).

Since the number of sub-hypercubes in an 8-dimensional hypercube is 6,561 =81x81= 3^8. The Ifa Oracle has N=8 ternary 3-structure as well as binary 2-structure."

In addition; the Igbo God Eshi and also called Obatala in Yorubaland told us a similar story about flood and creation myth, apart from the fact that the tools employed to dry the land are slightly different.

Instead of Oka Smiths, Hills, and Bellows, in Igbo Flood and Creation Mythology, the Yoruba Flood and Creation Mythology, stated a snail's shell filled with sand, a white hen, a black cat, palm nut and a Chain (Signifying DNA).

Homer in an often-quoted passage tells how the Greek gods used to go on their feast-days to Ethiopia to commune with their ancestors. Dionysius wrote, “Upon the great Atlantic (formally known as Sea of Ethiopia), near the isle of Eritrea, for his pastures famed, the sacred race of Ethiopians dwell.” The original Niger-Congo 11,000 BCE, the homeland in the general vicinity of the upper Nile valley is probably as good a hypothesis as any.

From such a homeland, a westward Mande migration may have begun well over 5000 years ago. Perhaps the earliest division within this group resulted in the isolation of what is now represented only by Bobo-figure (Burkino-Fasso).

Illustration of 8 Dimensional Divination Plates

Somewhat later— perhaps 3500 to 4500 years ago, and possibly from a new homeland around northern Dahomey [now Benin]— the ancestors of the present Northern-western Mande peoples began pushing farther west, ultimately reaching their present homeland in the grasslands and forests of West Africa.

We have to remember that the Greek historian informs us what the Egyptians told him directly concerning their origins and customs. We are told by Diodorus that:

They say also that the Egyptians are colonists sent out by the Ethiopians, Osiris having been the leader of the colony…And the larger part of the customs of the Egyptians are, they hold Ethiopian, the colonists still preserving their ancient manners.

For instance, the belief that their kings are gods, the very special attention which they pay to their burials, and many other matters of a similar nature are Ethiopian practices, while the shapes of their statues and the forms of their letters are Ethiopian; for of the two kinds of writing which the Egyptians have, that which is known as "popular" (demotic) is learned by everyone, while that which is called "sacred" is understood only by the priests of the Egyptians, who learn it from their fathers as one of the things which are not divulged, but among the Ethiopians everyone uses these forms of letters.

Iwo-Eleru Cave, where the Skulls were found, also called Iho-Eleru, 'Iho' meaning Hole in the Yoruba Language

Furthermore, the orders of the priests, they maintain, have much the same position among both peoples; for all are clean who are engaged in the service of the gods, keeping themselves shaven, like the Ethiopian priests, and having the same dress and form of staff, which is shaped like a plough and is carried by their kings, who wear high felt hats which end in a knob at the top and are circled by the serpents which they call asps; and this symbol appears to carry the thought that it will be a lot of those who shall dare to attack the king to encounter death-carrying stings.

Iwo-Eleru Skulls: Iwo-Eleru, Ondo State, Western-Nigeria, Yorubaland. The cast of the Iwo Eleru skull shows marks of a more ancient ancestor "[The skull] has got a much more primitive appearance, even though it is only 13,000 years old," said Chris Stringer, from London's Natural History Museum, who was part of the team of researchers.

Igbo God Eshin also called Obatala in Yorubaland

Similar Skulls was discovered in Tanzania dating back a whopping 140,000 BC. These ancient humans skulls were discovered alongside modern-human at the time, suggesting at that point in history, ancient men were living side-by-side with modern humans and teaching them their ancient ways.

"This suggests that human evolution in Africa was more complex... the transition to modern humans was not a straight transition and then a cut-off." Prof Stringer thinks that ancient humans did not die away once they had given rise to modern humans.

They may have continued to live alongside their descendants in Africa, perhaps exchanging genes with them, until more recently than had been thought. The researchers say their findings also underscore a real lack of knowledge of human evolution in the region.

Ancient Zambia: Zambia is famous for its ancient schematic rock art. Northern Province has the highest concentration of rock art in Zambia and paintings are mainly found in and around rocky overhangs and caves. The most famous site is Mwela, about 7 miles east of the town of  Kasama which is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The oldest in Zambia have been dated to between 350,000 and 400,000 years old! Many more are yet to be discovered.

Map of West and Central Africa

Ancient Gabon: The forest-savanna interface typical of central Gabon is well preserved in the park, and ecological and archaeological evidence shows that the area was inhabited almost continuously from late Palaeolithic times 350-400,000 years ago to the present. Scattered across the landscape is an exceptional archaeological record of successive cultures including the remains of Palaeolithic tools, Neolithic villages around 4,000 years old and Iron Age metal-working sites from 2,500 years ago. The Lope area has been inhabited for nearly 400,000 years and there are numerous artifacts telling the tales of the ancient hunter-gatherer settlements.

The Ogooué River has been a major trading route through these times and a road was built through the north of the park in the 1960s. The area was opened to forestry by the building of the railway in the 1980s this connects the national park to both Ivindo and Libreville. One can conclude that there was a lateral transmission from the East to the West, not only across the southern Sahara but also across all of Sudan to the Nile and Niger, the location of origin being in both cases Nubia.

The assertion by Professor Achonolu, that all Egyptian Pharaoh are direct descendants of Igbo people without considering the fact that other African tribes may well have contributed to the Pharaoh gene-pool as well. This claim by Professor Achonolu of Igbo exclusivity is sounding more and more improbable. We agreed with the research that the ancestors of the ancient Egyptian are from the Niger-Congo Civilisation made up from a family of nations tribes, of which the Igbo tribes are part of. End of part 3 of 10. Next Blog 13/02/19.

Egyptian Edfu Texts, Igbo, Smith, Dunu, Lejja, Nsuka, Nigeria

Painted image of Egyptian God Horus

Egyptian Edfu Texts say unequivocally that the oldest evidence of iron smelting in Egyptian records was that conducted by the God Horus in a hidden place called UaUa in the land of Khennu. Horus was said to have established a hidden iron smelting industry in the territory of a man called Khennu, in the UaUa region in the Southern lands, far away from Egypt, where he forged weapons for his war with Seth.

It is not a coincidence that Wawa and Nkannu are the aboriginal clan names of the people of Nsukka and the people of Enugu state! This is recorded in Egyptian history as having taken place ca. 8,970 B.C. during the wars of Horus and Seth!

Note: In any balance research, debate or supposition you need to have an argument for and against, including documentary evidence. We will, therefore, introduce documentary evidence contrary to Professor Achonolu viewpoints and assertions. Sometimes we will also present documentary evidence to strengthen and support a particular point of view she asserts. They will be formatted as For and Against.

Further evidence that Enugu State smelters were well known in world mythology is the fact recorded by Prof Afigbo in Nri mythology that when Eri came into Igbo land, the land was soaked with water, but God advised Eri to employ an Oka smith to dry the land with his bellows.

This Oka smith of the Eri fame was no doubt the Dunu Oka smith of Lejja! It is also clear from here that the famous Akwa smiths of Igbo land are descendants of the Oka smiths of Prehistoric Nsukka (The word ‘Nsukka’ appears to be derived from Nshi-Oka – meaning ‘Dwarf Smiths’).

Before Egypt, There was Sumer – An Igbo-Speaking Ancient Nigerian Civilization? L.A. Waddell in his path-breaking work, Makers of Civilization in Race and History, provided evidence to the effect that Egyptian civilization was a fall out of the earlier Sumerian civilization. mmannu, shortened to Khe’nnu/Khennu - Nkannu) and whom the rest of the world called ‘gods’ for want of a better term.

Edfu Temple Egypt

The Sumerian civilization was destroyed by 2,023 B.C., the very time when the Lejja shrine monument was in its heydays.

Evidence provided in this work demonstrates that the so-called ‘gods’ of ancient Egypt were dare-devil ancient Nigerian Sumerians who had built a thriving prehistoric civilization that spanned all of North and West Africa.

With Egypt as its political capital, while preserving the homeland as the no-go area reserved only for the great Lords of Antiquity whom the Egyptians called Khemennu (Oke). That the Khemennu were known in Egyptian Book of the Dead as ape-men, on the one hand, and as gods on the other – Primeval Ancestors of man and gods - tells the primitive African origin of Canaan and connects him with Nkannu clan.

These ape-men Khemennu were the Ndi Ushi of Igbo land. Their population was mostly dwarfed, who were also associated with metallurgy throughout antiquity.

Egyptian Dwarf God Pataeke or Pataikos, son of Ptah 

Africa’s most renowned archaeologist elix Chami of the University of Dar-es-Salaam wrote that the dwarfs, known throughout antiquity as the Neshi/Nehsi (Igbo Nshi) were Black Africans who served a hidden god of sun and fire known as Vul-can (a derivative of Nkannu). This Nehsi, Chami argued, were “the founders of Egyptian civilization”, and the Egyptians and Greeks called them Pancheans.

Herodotus and Homer spoke of a race of Black West Africans, “who came to Egypt and colonized it”
Zecharia Sitchen in The Stairway to Heaven notes that the Egyptian God Amun/Atum-Ra – the God of Heliopolis - was called Vul-can, a name associated with fire (as in furnace) and that the land associated with him was called the Land of the Race of Can/Khan. Khenites/Qenites, who, according to Zecharia Sitchen, are reputed to be the world’s Oldest Blacksmiths, and their name Can/Khan (Igbo Nkannu) means “smiths and metallurgists.”

Egyptian God Amun-Ra

It is the original homeland of the Canaanites or

The fact that in Igbo Oka means ‘smith’ and ‘metallurgist’ implies that the Canaanites/Khenites were Igbo-speaking and that they were one and the same with the Oka/Nkannu people of Igbo land.

The added fact that the village of smiths in Lejja is called Dunu Oka, meaning ‘Master Smith’ in Igbo, is conclusive proof that Nsukka in Enugu State in Igbo land, Nigeria is the original homeland of the ubiquitous Canaanites who gave metallurgy to the world! M.A. Pinkham in Return of the Serpents of Wisdom noted that Ham, the father of Canaan, was called Vulcan and that as Khem – a Khemennu ape-man - he was the one who gave civilization to Egypt (Khemet) by becoming its first Pharaoh.

Pharaoh Min (Menes). Pinkham posits that: Khan/Khem/Kha/Ka/Ca/Qa and variations of this etymon are derived from the lineage of Ham and Canaan and allude to the same race of god-men. Accordingly, the words Nkannu, Oka, and Nsukka as self-explanatory in this context. From the translations of Sumerian texts conducted by L.A. Waddell, we now know that Many Sumerian kings proudly bore the title Qa in imitation of Sumer’s earliest divine kings, who ruled before the Deluge.

Sitchen reveals that the Sumerian term Dun/Duni (which survives to this day in Dunu Oka village in Lejja) is equivalent to the Assyrian word Ka’ini (the root of the word Canaan) and that Sumerian and Assyrian texts maintained that “Ashur is the Lord of Duni”.  Duni is, of course, a reference to Dunu Oka, and Ashur is the title of the Egyptian god Osiris and the origin of his name.

Igbo Dwarf early 1900s

Osiris is the Sun Disc. He is represented in the ancient Dunu Oka Shrine with the Sun disc symbol called Oshuru. Oshuru is thus the original word/concept from which Osiris derives his name. Ralph Ellis in Eden in Egypt, notes that Ashura means ‘Sacred Groove” or Shrine.

This is in keeping with the fact that Oshuru is the most sacred part of the Dunu Oka Shrine. It is indeed a mound of iron slag covering the Hidden Hole that leads into what the native priests call a “bottomless pit” – which no doubt is the Underground Duat of Osiris and Atum.

Another pointer that Canaanites were the Nsukka iron smelters is the fact that the word Khem, a title of Osiris and Biblical Ham, means ‘Black’, ‘Burnt’, implying that Biblical Ham, the father of Canaan was Osiris of Egypt and that he worked in the scorching furnaces of Nsukka with Canaan and the latter’s descendants. This confirms the involvement of Horus, the son of Osiris in Nsukka smelting technology.

Apparently Ham worked for the god Osiris and bore his title Khem, while his son Canaan worked under Osiris’ son Horus, as confirmed in the Egyptian Edfu Texts, where Horus is said to have made friends with a man called Khennu or Khannu in whose territory Horus established a metal “foundry of divine iron” (an industry for iron smelting) in the district of UaUa (Wawa)!

This also explains the astounding, industrial amounts of iron slag found in Lejja; and it calls for a government-supported archaeological work to establish the correct date of the Lejja smelting, which Egyptian records put within the 9th millennium B.C. (a whopping 11,000 years)!

Oshuru, Osiris Groove, Lejja, Igboland Eastern-Nigeria

Physical Evidence of the Egyptian ‘Temple of Heliopolis’ Located in Lejja. It is said in the Egyptian Edfu texts that the place where Horus built the world’s first iron smelting industry, was the same site where he also built a Holy City and a Temple in which he housed his Winged Disc in a hidden enclosure. The Holy City is Heliopolis, City of the Sun and the Temple is the Sun Temple found in Lejja. Horus, of course, is the Egyptian god of the Rising Sun, and Igbo Land is the ‘Land of the Rising Sun!

The following are the characteristic geographical landmarks, features, and symbols leading to and located in and around the ‘Temple of Heliopolis’ as recorded in ancient Egyptian texts, notably The Egyptian Book of the Dead:

River Nigern & River Benue Confluence, Nigeria

⦁ A Land in the South and West of Egypt beyond the Sahara desert, identified with the word “East” or “Eastern side of Heaven”; the northern part thereof.
⦁ Double Nest Rivers (confluence) of which one is called the Traverser of Millions of Years and the other a purifying Lake.
⦁ A Body of Water called ‘a Bight’ and ‘Lake of Fire’.
⦁ A place associated with the palm tree.
⦁ Chains of Mountains
⦁ A Horizon marked by Two Hills and Three Hills
⦁ A place with a name that has the root DN or Dunu associated with three Hills and Two Hills, a mound and/or earthworks.
⦁ A ‘Hole’ in the ground called ‘the Mouth of the Earth’, leading into an Underground abode of the gods (Duat)
⦁ A Conical Structure (which the Egyptians call the Benben)

Bight of Biafra, Nigeria

⦁ A Stairway
⦁ A Celestial Disc symbol of the Sun rising and setting in the horizon
⦁ A Circle with a dot in the Center – the Symbol of Ra
⦁ A Crescent Moon (the Sun and Moon are symbols of Atum-Ra)
⦁ Two Magical Trees
⦁ A Fortified Circle
⦁ A Place of Pillars
⦁ The House of Fire associated with a furnace
⦁ A Place for computing the Years and telling the Months
⦁ “The Great House of Two Truths”
⦁ The kings of Heliopolis bear two Plumes on their heads, a white feathered crown, a flail, a U-forked staff. (The fact that Osiris wears two plumes as on his conical hat, shaped like Igbo Okwu agu, and he carries the Igbo metal staff (Alo) and fly whisk (Nza), as seen in all his images in Egyptian texts, shows him to be an Igbo royalty).

Map of West, Central & West Africa

By looking at the map of West-Africa as a whole it is totally impossible for the Igbo tribe to evolve to modern-man independent of the many other African tribes all around them, including the San and Khoi people of Southern Africa. And Professor Alchonolu has not provided or use as an example, a single point of view that contradict her assertions.  In any balance research, debate or supposition you need to have an argument for and against.

First of all, there are the Khoisan with the oldest human DNA, including the Yoruba tribes who are the next-door neighbour to the Igbo tribes, as well as Cameroon, the Ethiopians also made similar claims followed by the Gabonese and Congolese. This is professional research but reeks of too much Igbo-centricity. End of part 2 of 10. Next blog 08/02/19. We will be debunking some of Professor Alchonolu's point of views and reasserting others with documentary evidence.

 

Igbo, Lejja, Enugu, Eastern Nigeria, Cavemen, Duat

THE DISCOVERY OF THE EGYPTIAN DUAT, TEMPLE OF THE SUN AND LOST CITY OF HELIOPOLIS IN WEST AFRICA, By Professor Catherine Acholonu. Before Egypt,  Was Sumer – An Igbo-Speaking Ancient Nigerian Civilization? Physical Evidence of the lost Egyptian

The late Professor Catherine Acholonu

‘Temple of Heliopolis’ Located in Lejja, Igboland, Eastern-Nigeria? Did Ancient Nigerians from Upper Egypt Rule Lower Egypt’s First Dynasty? Did Igbo Cavemen of Lejja Survive the World-ending Deluge! and Thus the Answer Suggest ‘Yes’?

The location of the Two Magical Trees One of Which is Called by the Name of the Sumerian Sky God, Utu? The location of "The Stairway to Heaven" in Egyptian Mythology?

The Geographical Environment of the Duat A place with a name that has the root DN or Dunu associated with three Hills and Two Hills, a mound? or A ‘Hole’ in the ground called ‘the Mouth of the Earth’, leading into an Underground abode of the gods (Duat)?

The kings of Heliopolis bear two Plumes on their heads, a white-feathered crown, a flail, a U-forked staff. (The fact that Osiris wears two plumes as on his conical hat, shaped like Igbo Okwu agu, and he carries the Igbo metal staff (Alo) and flies whisk (Nza), as seen in all his images in Egyptian texts, shows him to be an Igbo royalty)?

The second called 'correspondence', of the eight principles of natural law stated; as below so above, as above so below and what is unbeknown shall be made knowable. We will break all the answers to all these questions into a bite-size. Using, history, religion, philosophy, occultism, psychology, and logic. Let us start the process via Occulist Encrypted Creations Myths. It is speculated that our world has been created, then destroyed, only to be re-created again, specifically four times. We are living in the year of the Fifth Son of The Sun, while the year Sixth Son of The Sun is fast approaching.

Sphere Earth

The first replenishing of the earth first occurred during the time of Apsu (Freshwater) = “One who existed from the beginning” and Tiamat (Freshwater) = “The Maiden of life.” Both Fresh and Seawaters mingled together to become the first Adam and Eve, Nun and Naunet = the Primeval waters and the counter heaven, (Egyptian version).

All marine life-forms were supposed to have evolved from both Fresh and Seawaters. They existed during the period of the “First Moon or Silver Cycle,” known as “Morning.”

When on high the heavens had not been named, Firm ground below had not been called by name, Nothing but ‘Primordial Apsu’ the Begetter, [Fresh Water] and ‘Mummu Tiamat’, She Who Bore them All, [Salt Water] their waters commingling as a single body No reed hut had been matted, no marshland had appeared, Uncalled by name, their destinies undetermined. Ile-Ife, ile Owuro Ile-Ife, the land of the most ancient days (Ile-Ife's version).

The second replenishing of the earth occurred during the time of Lahmu (Mr. Mud) = “Deity of war” and Lahamu (Mrs. Mud) = “Lady of the battle,” Huh and Hauhet, = the boundless and its opposite, (Egyptian version). They existed during the period of the first Sun Cycle known as “Evening.” Then it was that the Gods were formed within them. Lahmu [‘mud’] and Lahamu ‘Mrs. Mud’ was brought forth, by the name they were called Before they had grown in age and stature. Ile-Ife, Oodaye Ile-Ife, where the word of creation took place (Ile-Ife's version).

The Egyptian Ogdoad

The third replenishing of the earth occurred during the time of Anshar (Upper Firmament) = “Foremost of the heavens” and Kishar (Lower Firmament) = “Foremost of the firm-lands,” Kuk and Kauket, = darkness and its opposite (Egyptian version).

They existed during the period of the “Second Moon or Silver Cycle,” known as “Morning.”Anshar ‘Upper Firmament’ and Kishar [‘Lower Firmament’] were formed, surpassing the others. They prolonged the days, added on the years. Ile-Ife, Ibi ti ojumo ti mowa Ile-Ife, where the dawn of the day was first experienced (Ile-Ife's version).

The fourth replenishing of the earth occurred during the time of Anu = “The Heavenly one” and his spouse Antum. Amun, or (Amon) and Amaunet, = the hidden and its opposite (Egyptian version). They existed during the period of the second Sun Cycle known as “Evening.” This cycle was the last cycle of an equinox which occurs every 24,000 years.

Anu was their heir, the rival of his fathers; Yes, Anu, Anshar’s first-born, was his equal. He begot in his image Nudimmud [Ea]. This Nudimmud was the master of his fathers; Of broad wisdom, understanding, mighty in strength, Mightier by far than his grandfather Anshar. He had no rival among the gods, his brothers. Ile-Ife, Ori aye gbogbo Ile-Ife, head of the whole universe (Ile-Ife's version).

The Sumerian depiction of Lahmu (Mr. Mud)

The fifth replenishing of the earth or the first replenishing of a new set of four cycles occurred during the time pertaining to the Bible Genesis Chapter 1. Adam (Kadmon) son of Atum and Lillith, and Eve daughter of Ptah and Anath. Ile-Ife, Ooye Lagbo Ile-Ife the city of the Survivors (Ile-Ife's version).

In addition, there are also, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Aboriginal and Native-Americans Creation Myths. If you search this blog using the keywords like Chinese Creation Myth,  Indian Creation Myth,  Aboriginal Creation Myth, or  Japanese Creation Myth, an so on, you can locate them in the archive, as being covered before.

The only thing debunked now that we know for a fact; is that the world creation and destructions stories, came for multiple myths, pertaining to many races.

And this is very important because it demonstrates Multiplicity rather than Singularity, even in the World's Creation Myths. Without any further delay let us start with assertions of Professor Catherine Acholonu and the evidence presented to make those bold assertions.

In December 2012, under the resourceful organization of the Honourable Commissioner for Culture and Tourism, Enugu State, Barrister Joe Mmamel, a team of ten African American Tourists visited various parts of the Enugu State under the Ebo Landing Project. The project was designed by Professor Catherine Acholonu and Sidney Louis Davis of Catherine Acholonu Research Center, Abuja in partnership with NAGAS International Consortium Inc., USA and Ebo Landing Incorporated, USA. The 2012 Ebo Landing tourism trip was facilitated by the Honorable Minister of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation, Chief Edem Duke who personally wrote letters to four State governors in the Federation urging them to play host to the Tourists.

Ebo Landing was born out of the growing need by DNA tested African Americans, 85%? of which are of Igbo extraction, to return ‘home’ to Igbo land and support the course of development in the home country. Note: the statement above is problematic unless the 85% represent Igbo Immigrants living in the USA, after the slave trade. If it meant that 85% of African Americans DNA tested are of Igbo descendants, excluding  Igbo Immigrants after the slave trade living in the USA, after the slave trade. Then the latter statement is at best wild speculation and at worst totally incorrect. There is no singular or cumulative DNA evidence for her to boldly assert this point of view.

Map of Nigeria, pin-pointing Enugu State, Eastern-Nigeria

The team visited various tourist sites in Enugu State including the Institute for African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), which led an excursion trip to the Prehistoric Iron smelting site in Lejja in Nsukka. The Lejja visit proved to be a most auspicious event, for it exposed the visitors to the world’s oldest iron smelting technology lying unknown and unsung in Enugu State, South-Eastern region of Nigeria. The Head of the UNN Institute of African Studies Professor S.M.

Onuigbo informed the visitors that the Lejja prehistoric iron smelting site was recently dated 2,000 B.C. by the Oxford University laboratory in the UK and that this date confirms Lejja as the oldest iron smelting site in the world!

Egyptian Model of a Votive Temple Gateway at Heliopolis

The international visitors led by researchers Professor Catherine Acholonu and Sidney Louis Davis, initiators of the Ebo Landing project, therefore made a fervent plea to the Hon Commissioner for Culture and Tourism, that the government of Enugu State and the Federal Republic of Nigeria should quickly see to it that the Lejja iron smelting technology should be made known to the world, being the only physical proof that Africa was the origin of world civilization!

They promised to join hands with the government and people of Enugu state in spreading the word worldwide, and by so doing initiate global tourism to Enugu state. The Follow-Up Trip to Lejja: Subsequently in January 2013, a combined team of international researchers from the Institute for African Studies UNN the Catherine Acholonu Research Center, Enugu South-Eastern zonal office visited the Lejja site for the second time to critically examine what is there. The research team who undertook this follow-up reconnaissance trip was made up of Professor S.M. Onuigbo, Head of the Institute of African Studies, UNN, Dr. Chukwuma Opata, Department of History and International Studies, UNN, Sidney Louis Davis, Fellow of the Catherine Acholonu Research Center (CARC), Professor Damian Opata, Department of English and Professor Catherine Acholonu, Head CARC.

That visit opened the floodgates of knowledge, throwing up more than enough physical evidence that Lejja is housing the most ancient and most world-renowned Shrine of antiquity – a shrine known in all world mythologies like the Egyptian ‘Temple of the Sun’. Ancient Egyptian records say that the ‘Temple of the Sun’ is located in Heliopolis – ‘City of the Sun’ – a city lost in antiquity; which means that to find the Temple of the Sun is to find Egypt’s lost city of Heliopolis – the world’s most famous city of mythology – a city dedicated to the Olden God Amun/Atum-Ra, the Father of all Gods and Creator of men.

Map of Enugu, Eastern Nigeria

Lejja/Nsukka - The World’s Oldest Prehistoric Iron-smelting Technology
Lejja is located in Old Nsukka division in Enugu State, in Igbo land, South-Eastern geopolitical zone of Nigeria in West Africa. It is one of the many communities in Old Nsukka that have evidence of Prehistoric iron smelting up to industrial proportions. Evidence abounds in these communities that a vast industry of iron smelting thrived in Old Nsukka involving entire populations of several communities.

In these communities which include Orba, Opi, Umundu, Owerri-Elu, Eha, Agu, Isiakpu, Eguru, archaeologists have found evidence of prehistoric mining of iron ore as well as local furnaces used for smelting. Huge amounts of tuyere, charcoal and iron slag litter the villages, hills, and streams, attesting that in the dim past, these villages and towns had developed a thriving iron smelting technology and that Lejja, though the oldest by the current dating result, was not an isolated phenomenon in Enugu state.

Lejja Village, Enugu, Eastern-Nigeria

In Nsukka communities, iron ore is called Nne nkpume, slag is called Nsi Igwe and furnaces are called Utu. Knives forged in the area are called Idu. The Nsukka industry for iron smelting must have been the industrial hub of a very thriving prehistoric civilization long gone and forgotten.

There are 500 to a thousand huge lumps of slag in the Dunu Oka village square, Lejja site alone. Shaped like broken pillars, each weighs between 34 and 57 kilograms and measures up to 50 centimeters in diameter and more than 40 centimeters in height!

Lejja iron smelting technology was dated 2,000 B.C by Carbon-12 laboratory analysis conducted at the Oxford University Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, London in partnership with the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, through the professional instrumentality of archaeologists Professor Edwin Eme Okafor, Dean of Archaeology, UNN and Professor Pamela Eze-Uzoamaka, Head of Department of Archaeology, UNN. These two have worked with Universities of Sheffield, London and Oxford University consistently for upwards of two decades to bring about the dating we now celebrate. In a recent interview on the Lejja archaeological dating, conducted in July 2012, Professor Edwin Eme Okafor elatedly announced that “2,000 B.C. is the oldest iron smelting date so far obtained for any smelting site in the world! There is no older date!”

Lejja/Nsukka Iron Smelting Technology Calls for a Rewriting of History:
The implication of this discovery is far-reaching for human history. It calls for a rewriting of the world’s history books to enshrine the achievements of the Prehistoric Nsukka iron smelters of Enugu State, Nigeria. Any nation that was the world’s “first” in the development of iron technology, was, without doubt, the Superpower of the ancient world, for it was the discovery of iron that fast-tracked world civilization in every respect. Iron technology brought about the development of Agriculture, trade, and commerce. It encouraged the drive for the building of empires through warfare and conquests.

Backdrop Image of one of the many Ancien Lejja Furnace, divided by Iron Slags

I buoyed the drive for expansion and migrations, all of which are present in Nsukka mythologies. As the Oldest Superpower of the Old World, the Igbo natural drive for itinerant trading and merchandising would have easily made Nsukka, nay Enugu zone, and Igbo land a global center of trade, commerce, industrialization, empire-building, education, military prowess and other forms of development.

It is claimed the global root of metallurgy and of civilization itself lies in Sumer. It is also claimed that the Bantus who occupy over two-thirds of Sub-Saharan Africa were migrants “from South-Eastern Nigeria” and that it was their possession of iron technology that facilitated their migration and their development of Agriculture.

Map of Africa

The Bantu are said to have left South-Eastern Nigeria ca. 2,000 B.C. The presence of iron smelting technology in Lejja by 2,000 B.C. explains the Bantu connection to South-Eastern Nigeria. Heliopolis – The Egyptian ‘City of the Sun’ is Igbo Land – The Land of the Rising Sun!

What we know so far for sure via zooming into the map of the world, and away from World Creation Myths and into the map of Africa, followed by zooming into Nigeria, then Enugu and finally Lejja is that; there is an ancient metallurgy factory in pre-historic West-Africa incorporating Eastern-Nigeria in Enugu State called Lejja. Dated between approximately 10,000 and 2,000 BCE. Linking many of the very many different Igbo tribes from far and wide to a particular place called Lejja in their common history.

But yet to be proven are the assertions linking ancient Sumer to Igboland, linking Egyptian ‘Temple of Heliopolis’ to Lejja, linking Bantu peoples and their migrations to Igbo origin and specifically stating Igbo tribes as a singular entity rather than Multiple entities that it is. Including constantly painting the picture of Igbo evolution into Modern-Man without any contact from other tribes, cultures, other civilizations, or people from the North, East, West or South of West-Africa.

By looking at the map of Africa as a whole it is totally impossible for the Igbo tribe to evolve to modern-man independent of the many other African tribes all around them, including the San and Khoi people of Southern Africa. End of part 1 of 10. To be continued. Next blog 04/02/19.

King Niall of the Nine Hostages, Continued

Seeing Niall's popularity among the nobles, Mongfind demands that Eochaid name a successor, hoping it will be one of her sons. Eochaid gives the task to a druid, Sithchenn, who devises a contest between the brothers, shutting them in a burning forge, telling them to save what they can, and judging them based on which objects they choose to save.

Niall, who emerges carrying an anvil, is deemed greater than Brión, with a sledgehammer, Fiachrae with bellows and a pail of beer, Ailill with a chest of weapons, and Fergus with a bundle of wood. Mongfind refuses to accept the decision.

The Celtic Green Man also known as Celtic Knot

Sithchenn takes the brothers to the smith, who makes them weapons, and sends them out hunting.

Each brother, in turn, goes looking for water and finds a well guarded by a hideous hag who demands a kiss in return for water. Fergus and Ailill refuse and return empty-handed.

Fiachrae gives her a quick peck, but not enough to satisfy her. Only Niall kisses her properly, and she is revealed as a beautiful maiden, the Sovereignty of Ireland.

She grants Niall not only water but the kingship for many generations – twenty-six of his descendants will be High Kings of Ireland.

Fiachrae is granted a minor royal line – two of his descendants, Nath Í and Ailill Molt, will be High Kings.

This "loathly lady" motif appears in myth and folklore throughout the world. Variations of this story are told of the earlier Irish high king Lugaid Loígde, in Arthurian legend — one of the most famous versions appears in both Geoffrey Chaucer's The Wife of Bath's Tale and the related Gawain romance, The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnell – and in John Gower's Middle English poem Confessio Amantis.

Ancient Monument on the Hill of Tara, County Donegal, Ireland

In another story, the succession is not settled when Eochaid dies, and Mongfind's brother Crimthann takes the high kingship. But while he is away on a tour of his lands in Scotland, Mongfind's sons seize Ireland.

Crimthann returns to Ireland intending to give battle. Mongfind, purporting to make peace between her brother and her sons, holds a feast, at which she serves Crimthann a poisoned drink.

Crimthann refuses to drink it unless she does too; they both drink, and both die. Niall succeeds to the High Kingship, and Brión becomes his second in command. Another version has Mongfind try to poison Niall, but she takes the poison herself by mistake. While Niall is high king, his brothers establish themselves as local kings. Brión rules the province of Connacht, but Fiachrae makes war against him. Brión defeats Fiachrae and hands him over as a prisoner to Niall, but Fiachrae's son Nath Í continues the war and eventually kills Brión. Niall releases Fiachrae, who becomes king of Connacht and Niall's right-hand man.

Mound of Hostages on Hill of Tara, County Donegal, Ireland

Fiachrae and Ailill then make war against Crimthann's son Eochaid, king of Munster. They defeat him and win great spoil, but Fiachrae is wounded in the battle and dies of his wounds shortly afterward. The Munstermen renew the battle, capture Ailill and cut him to pieces, and war continues between Munster and Connacht for many years.

Death: The Lebor Gabála Érenn says there was a war between Niall and Énnae Cennsalach, king of Leinster, over the bórama or cow-tribute first imposed on Leinster by Tuathal Techtmar. Énna's son Eochaid is named as Niall's killer in all sources, although the circumstances vary.

Phallus shape Obelisk, From the Hill of Tara, County Donegal, Ireland

All sources agree he died outside Ireland.

The earliest version of the Lebor Gabála says Eochaid killed him on the English Channel, later versions adding that Niall was invading Brittany when this happened.

Keating, quoting a Latin Life of Saint Patrick, says that Niall led Irish raids on Roman Britain, and in one of those raids Patrick and his sisters were abducted.

Keating associates these raids with those mentioned by Gildas and Bede and deduces that since some Irish sources say Patrick was abducted from Brittany, that Niall's raids must have extended to continental Europe as well.

In the saga "The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages", Eochaid's enmity with Niall begins when he is refused hospitality by Niall's poet, Laidcenn mac Bairchid. He makes war and destroys the poet's stronghold, killing his son Leat (Keating has it that Laidchenn was a druid and that Eochaid killed his son after he used defamatory language towards him). Laidchenn responds by satirising Leinster so that no corn, grass or leaves grow there for a year.

Plate C, from the Gundestrup Cauldron

Note: The Gundestrup Cauldron is a religious vessel found in Himmerland, Denmark, 1891. It was deposited in a dry section of a peat bog, dismantled with its five long rectangular plates, seven short ones and one round plate. Each plate is made of 97.0% pure silver and filled with various motifs of animals, plants and pagan deities. Sophius Müller(1892) reconstructed these plates into the present form of the cauldron: five rectangular plates are placed in the inside of the cauldron leaving 2cm of space between each, and the seven (originally eight) plates form the outside of the cauldron.

The Anglicisation of the Irish Race

The round plate is assumed as the base of the cauldron. The reconstructed cauldron with its spherical base and cylindrical side is 69cm. in diameter and 42cm. high; both the inner and outer plates are almost of the same height ( about 21cm) forming the cylindrical side of the cauldron. As the largest surviving piece of Europian Iron Age silver work, the Gundestrup Cauldron has been given a special interest by many scholars. Especially, its high-quality workmanship and iconographic variety have generated an incessant inquiry into the origin of the cauldron.

Though the date of the cauldron is generally attributed to the 2nd or 1st century BCE (La Tène III), there still remains much room for controversy concerning the place of its manufacture. The main problem comes from the fact that its style and workmanship is Thracian rather than Celtic despite its decorative motifs manifestly Celtic. So far, scholastic opinions have been largely divided into two groups: those who argue for the Gaulish origin and those who argue for the Thracian origin. The former locate the manufacture of the cauldron in the Celtic west while the latter opt for the Lower Danube in southeastern Europe.

Plate A, from the Gundestrup Cauldron

Then Niall makes war against Leinster, and peace is concluded on the condition that Eochaid is handed over. Niall chains Eochaid to a standing stone and sends nine warriors to execute him, but Eochaid breaks his chain and kills all nine of them with it. He then kills Laidchenn by throwing a stone which lodges in his forehead. Niall exiles him to Scotland. The story then becomes confused.

Niall makes war in Europe as far as the Alps, and the Romans send an ambassador to parlay with him. Abruptly, the tale then has Niall appearing before an assembly of Pictish bards in Scotland, where he is killed by an arrow shot by Eochaid from the other side of the valley. Keating has Eochaid shoot Niall from the opposite bank of the river Loire during his European campaign.

His men carry his body home, fighting seven battles on the way, and his foster-father Torna dies of grief. His body is said to have been buried at Ochann, now known as Faughan Hill at Jordanstown, a few miles west of Navan in County Meath. He is succeeded by his nephew Nath Í.

Robert is listed as being born about 1820-21 somewhere in Ireland to Robert & Mary Ann (KNOTT) MORAN, though a few naturalization indexes list this as England, United Kingdom.

Robert Moran

 By 1845, he has traveled from Ireland and settled in Granby, Shefford, Quebec, Canada.

Here he marries Dorothea COOK on 5 August 1845. Robert and Dorothea’s first three children are born in Quebec.

After that, they travel around a bit, having a child in Illinois, then, Iowa, and finally settling in southwestern Wisconsin.

Dorothea passes away in 1872 and Robert remarries to a Margaret (KEARNS) ENYART. Robert, is R1b1b2a1a2f*. The interesting thing about that haplogroup is that it is part of the study of one of the ancient kings of Ireland: R1b1b2a1a2f2 reaches its peak in Ireland, where the vast majority of men carry Y-chromosomes belonging to the haplogroup. Researchers have recently discovered that a large subset of men assigned to the haplogroup may be direct male descendants of an Irish king who ruled during the 4th and early 5th centuries. According to Irish history, a king named Niall of the Nine Hostages established the Ui Neill dynasty that ruled the island country for the next millennium.

Northwestern Ireland is said to have been the core of Niall’s kingdom, and that is exactly where men bearing the genetic signature associated with him are most common. Genetic analysis suggests that all these men share a common ancestor who lived about 1,700 years ago. Among men living in northwestern Ireland today that date is closer to 1,000 years ago. Those dates neatly bracket the era when Niall is supposed to have reigned. End of part 2 of 2. Next blog 31/01/19. Before Thoth, Tehuthi, or Hermes, and the Bible, including the origin Occultism the mother of all the religion on earth. We will also refer you to previous articles.