Egyptians, Niger-Congo, Mande, Ethiopian

An original Niger-Congo homeland in the general vicinity of the upper Nile valley is probably as good a hypothesis as any. From such a homeland, a westward Mande migration may have begun well over 5000 years ago. Perhaps the earliest division within this group resulted in the isolation of what is now represented only by Bobo-fing.

Egyptian Hieroglyphs & Mande symbol

Somewhat later— perhaps 3500 to 4500 years ago, and possibly from a new homeland around northern Dahomey [now Benin]— the ancestors of the present Northern-western Mande peoples began pushing farther west, ultimately reaching their present homeland in the grasslands and forests of West Africa.

This was followed by a gradual spread of the Southern-Eastern division, culminating perhaps 2000 years ago in the separation of its to branches and the ultimate movement of Southern Mande peoples southeast and westward until Mano and Kpelle, long separated, became once more contiguous. (pp. 119-120) (emphasis mine). The image to the right has Egyptian Hieroglyphs on the left and Mande symbol on the right.

We have to remember that the Greek historian informs us what the Egyptians told him directly concerning their origins and customs. We are told by Diodorus that: They say also that the Egyptians are colonists sent out by the Ethiopians, Osiris having been the leader of the colony…And the larger part of the customs of the Egyptians are, they hold Ethiopian, the colonists still preserving their ancient manners.

For instance, the belief that their kings are gods, the very special attention which they pay to their burials, and many other matters of similar nature are Ethiopian practices, while the shapes of their statues and the forms of their letters are Ethiopian; for of the two kinds of writing which the Egyptians have, that which is known as "popular" (demotic) is learned by everyone, while that which is called "sacred" is understood only by the priests of the Egyptians, who learn it from their fathers as one of the things which are not divulged, but among the Ethiopians everyone uses these forms of letters.

Furthermore, the orders of the priests, they maintain, have much the same position among both peoples; for all are clean who are engaged in the service of the gods, keeping themselves shaven, like the Ethiopian priests, and having the same dress and form of staff, which is shaped like a plough and is carried by their kings, who wear high felt hats which end in a knob at the top and are circled by the serpents which they call asps; and this symbol appears to carry the thought that it will be a lot of those who shall dare to attack the king to encounter death-carrying stings.

Many other things are also told by them concerning their own antiquity and the colony which they sent out that became the Egyptians, but about this, there is no special need of our writing anything.
In other words, the Egyptian culture is the Kushite culture (Ethiopian) of Chad/Sudan as acknowledged by the Egyptians themselves. Even Champollion, that deciphered the hieroglyphs, understood this point.

This would explain why the Kongo-Saharan symbols, along with the words to go with them, became the foundational symbols of the emerging Egyptian language. There are many theses concerning the origins of the Niger-Congo language family with many having them originate west of Lake Chad. I find many of these theories untenable for reasons beyond the scope of our current discourse. But even if we did accept that hypothesis, one couldn‘t deny the fact that Niger-Congo (and Proto-Bantu) speakers were in the Nile Valley as evidenced by the Sumerian data. The Sumerian language has been proven, by way of the comparative method, to be a Niger-Congo language.

Four principle works help to establish this fact: W. Wanger, Comparative Lexical Study of Sumerian and Ntu (“Bantu”): The Sumerian Sanscrit of the African Ntu Languages (1935); Robin Walker, When We Ruled (2006); GJK Campbell-Dunn Sumerian Comparative Dictionary & Sumerian Comparative Grammar (2009); and Hermel Hermstein Black Sumer: The African Origins of Civilization (2012). Hermstein (2012: 85-98) posits an eastern migration of Niger-Congo (Proto-Bantu) speakers, originating from Lake Chad, passing through Sudan, settling in Somalia, then working their way up to present-day Iraq.

Great Zimbabwe Bantu, Shona

This Iron Age site, the symbol modern Zimbabwe took its name from, lies 17 miles from Masvingo and is the remains of an extensive town built around 1200 AD.

 The word 'Zimbabwe' is derived from Shona words that mean 'houses of stone' or 'venerated house'. Zimbabwe developed into an empire covering over 1000 square miles. Evidence at Great Zimbabwe, like Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) pottery from China, indicates that the empire had extensive trade.

The two main areas of stone wall enclosures are: the Hill Complex, on the long, steep-sided granite hill that rises 260 feet above the surrounding ground; and the land below this hill where the Valley Enclosures and the Great Enclosure are situated. The stone walls, up to 20 feet thick and 36 feet high, are built of granite blocks without the use of mortar.

Two high walls form the narrow parallel passage, 180 feet long, that allows direct access to the Conical Tower. The great material wealth of Great Zimbabwe may have been its downfall. After its discovery in the 1870s European adventurers arrived in droves. The rumour started that Zimbabwe was the legendary "Land of Ophir", the source of King Solomon's gold.

The name Zimbabwe is in Bantu and means "House of Stone". Bantu is one of the languages that they spoke in Zimbabwe. However the name “House of Stone" was put to the place because of the stone ruins found there that spread on 200 square miles. These ruins are the oldest and greatest in Sub Saharan Africa. They are all made out of stone. Zimbawe was built from the 12th century to the 15th century.

In the 16th century the Portuguese came and started controlling the trades and everything. Inhabitants were mostly Bantu farmers, cattle raisers from West Africa. Bantu people began to come about 2,000 years ago including the Shona that are officially the people from Zimbabwe. Now the Shona are four fifths of the country's population. In the 10th century Zimbabwe began to develop. Zimbabwe is located inland from the southeastern coast of Africa. The Sabi River ran through the south part of Zimbabwe. The Mazoe and Zambezi rivers were north. The Zambezi is the fourth longest river. Zimbabwe was developed on a hilltop that was protected from invasion by a large crop of granite.

Most of the empire was on a high plateau, it was safe from diseases such as tsetse flies that were common close to water. The rain was good for farming. Zimbabwe could be mined for granite, iron, copper, and gold. The Mutapa’s rulers had a tradition of building structures made out of stone.

'The Jewish Talmud', also contains oblique references to the story, as well the New Testament where Sheba is referred to as "The Queen of the South." There is, in addition, a fairly detailed account in the Koran, echoed in several Arabic and Persian folk tales of later date, (in which she is known as Bilqis).

Further afield, in southern enigmatic stone ruins of Great Zimbabwe are said by the local Mashona people to have been the palace of the Queen of Sheba, and tribal elders still repeat their own fully evolved version of the legend. In addition, the Yoruba of West Africa also claimed to have the Staff of Queen of Sheeba in Ile Ife.

The Europeans could not believe that the African "savages" could build in stone. Zimbabwe did have extensive copper and gold mines, and may well have been the Biblical source of Temple Gold. Not much is left of anything since the diggers, looters, and "shoot the niggers on sight" murders have come and gone. Long after the buildings and cathedrals of Europe have fallen, the Great Tower still stand as a testimony to a long dead civilisation.

Bandlet of Righteousness

The world's first religious principles are written by the Kushite, King 'Ori' (right & wrong). However, taken from Ifa Sacred Poems was a story about "Ori" (head) the king of the body. Ori (head) was the only divinity that broke the kola nuts that Orunmila kept at his shrine. Ori's wish was for a permanent abode (home) and plenty of followers.

Upon hearing the news of the finally broken Kola-nuts, all the other divinities agreed, (since they all tried to break the nuts) that the "Head" was the right divinity to the Kola-nuts.

Almost immediately the hand, feet, body, stomach, chest, neck etc, each of which before then had distinct identities, all assembled and decided to go and live with the Head. Together, they all carried the Head high above as the king of the body. It is on account of the role played by Orunmila in his fortune that the head touches the ground to defer and revere to Orunmila to this day.

The most fascinating collection of sacred texts is, without doubt, the "Bandlet of Righteousness." Among the contents are the awe-inspiring 'Scrolls of Life', (MASHAFA HAYWAT) in Ethiopic and the 'MYSTICAL NAMES OF THE PERSONS OF THE TRINITY' (TERGUAME FIDAL) in Amharic. Bandages of parchments were used to wrap the dead as part of an ancient tradition linked to the belief that they will assist the wearer to come forth on the Day of Judgement.

Parchments were also used as amulets. Upon which were inscribed spells, mystical symbols, crosses and figurines to ward off disease and sickness in men and children. It was used by women as protection, especially for miscarriages and abortions caused by evil spirits to ensure safe delivery.

Those accused for the illegal removal and theft of these sacred items are now also accountable for misguidance. They even erroneously suggested that the stolen loot of parchments, now located in many inaccessible vaults of several libraries, museums, and universities constitute the famed ' Lafafa Sedek.'

However, these hold very little in common with the authentic 'Scroll of Life; which they claimed was written by the hands of the Creator. It was conceived to protect the deceased from mutilation in the grave and the awful fire in Hell. This scroll serves as a key to attaining everlasting life in paradise. This fact links it directly with the 'Pert Em Hru'. This is also known as the 'Egyptian Book of the Dead', of which the best-preserved copy is the 'Papyrus of Ani' and dates to the Eighteenth Dynasty of Kushite regents (1575 B.C.E.) in Ta-Meri, while other copies are dated from as early as the Fifth Dynasty.

The ancestors of the Christians of Sudan and Ethiopia were the ones who established an ancient culture that eventually exported civilization to the north (i.e. Tameri/ KMT) since 3500 B.C.E. This was done under the leadership of a regent known only by the name ‘SCORPION’.

In the year 270 B.C.E. Ptolemy Philadelphus commanded the African-European High-Priest of Sebenmytus, Manetho, to "Write a Complete History of Egypt." "Manetho's History" was the first to divide Egyptian experiences into Dynasties, all of which he placed securely in the Great Library of Alexandria, Egypt.

Jugurtha, War, Dacians

Unfortunately, because of the many North African revolts against Roman authority, historians tend to mention only those that were of exceptional violence and intensity.

 One such rising, known as the Jugurthine War (112-105 A.D) was initiated by the nationalist fervour of the North African patriot Jugurtha.

Directing an unrelenting guerrilla war, Jugurtha became a formidable adversary to his enemies, inflicting embarrassing defeats upon the Roman legions.

"The wars of Jugurtha," writes Graham Webster, demonstrated the value of the nimble Moorish horsemen who Trajan later found so useful against the Dacians. During the Dacian Wars of Eastern Europe (101-105), the Roman military relied heavily upon highly mobile units of Moorish cavalry.

On a Roman column dedicated to the wars of Trajan in Dacia, there is a special relief devoted to a large body of galloping horsemen easily recognisable as Moors. They are depicted with tiered and plaited rows of curled hair, short tunics, and saddle-less with only a single bridle. Another work dated to the same period is terracotta human head found in the Dacian city of Suicidava.

Described by archaeologists as the head of a "Negro or Moor," it is in many respects similar to the horse cavalry depicted on the Roman column. Black soldiers, specifically identified as Moors, were actively recruited by Rome and served tours of duty in Britain, France, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Romania, etc.

An original brass military diploma which dates from the middle of the second century A.D. mentions Moorish soldiers in Moesia, which is modern Serbia. Another military diploma of A.D. speaks of Moorish soldiers from Africa in Dacia, or modern Romania, and also of auxiliary troops of the Dacian Moors.

A Roman document, Notitia Dignitatum dates from the beginning of the fifth century A.D., mentions several Moorish battalions in the Balkans and the Moorish military colony Ad Mauros was located on the Inn River near Vienna; and in what modern Besarabia, there is was a city called Maurocastrum.

According to the document Notitia Dignitatum, 2500to 5000 illyrian Moorish soldiers, in five separate military units, had served in the Near East. From this document we must deduce that at the beginning of the fifth century at least 100,000 descendants of Moors lived in Illyricum, which was located in the present-day Balkans.

Regarding specific military men of Moorish extraction, there were several Rome honourably, or had ancestors that participated in Rome’s foreign wars. In 253 A.D., for example, "After his departure, the governor of Lower Moesia (modern Serbia), M. Aemilius Aemilianus, a Moor born Mauritania, in defeating the Goths and was proclaimed emperor by his troops. In another case, Zenophilus, Consul of Numidia, boasts that my grandfather is a soldier; he had served in the Commitatus, for our family is of Moorish origin. To the Commitatus belonged the renowned Equites Mauri, a Black horse cavalry of North Africa.