Prehistoric Europe, Elves, Fairies, Gnomes, Piskies, Dwarfs, Pygmies

Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall 1907 AD: Footprint of Vanished Races in Cornwall: Page 281, first paragraph: Aetas and Mamanouas, dwarf races of the Philippine islands, and Andaman Islands, who are known as the Mincopies. In Africa new dwarfs Krapf and Obangos were found by M. Du-Chailu. The 'Akkas' pygmies were discovered in the heart of Central Africa, by Sweinfurth, in 1879 A.D.

It is know an established consensus among many anthropologist, that a number of dwarf races formed the earliest human inhabitants of Central Africa. Mr. R. G. Haliburton has traced these pygmy races into Morocco and Spain.

Long ago, Jacob Grimm concluded from the traditions of Elves, Gnomes and Trolls, current in Germany, that dwarf races inhabited Central Europe in prehistoric times, and Prof. Nillson has come to the same conclusion concerning Scandinavia.

Page 280, first paragraph: "I believe that the first human beings to enter Cornwall in the Neolithic period belonged to a race of dwarfs or pygmies, and were veritable 'little people'.

Ancient classical authors mention pygmies living in remote part of Africa and Asia. These stories were for long thought to be childish inventions, but recent discoveries have proved that they were perfectly correct."

"When the Dutch occupied South Africa, they met with dwarf Bushmen, who are the smallest pygmies in the world."

Page 281, second paragraph: In England we have similar legends of Fairies, Goblins and 'Little People', which are now explained in the same way, by many of our leading anthropologist, like Prof. E. B. Tylor and Mr. David Mac Ritchie.

Journal

 Page 282, first paragraph: David Mac Ritchie went on to state that "Picts Houses of Scotland, and fairy legends of the north, may be traced back to a race of prehistoric dwarfs."

The able Celtic scholar, Prof. Rhys, has set forth a view that "a dwarf race inhabited Britain previous to the Celtic invasion, and these views has generally being accepted among scholars."

Page 282, second paragraph: As for fairies, they are not the dethroned gods of heathen Celts, nor were they the spirits of unbaptised children, or of Druids who had rejected Christianity, but they were originally dwarfs and pygmies similar to piskies."

"They were actually killed in Wales." Page 282, second paragraph: "Cornwall, then, was in the early days of the Neolithic age, inhabited by a race of pygmies, like the Bushmen of South Africa, and whom for convenience, I shall call the Piskey-Dwarfs." Page 282, third paragraph: M. De Mortillet figured out their "diminutive half-an-inch arrow-heads," were found in France, Kitchen-midden, Hastings, England, and Rev. Reginald Gatty found large numbers of them in Yorkshire, England, including Germany and Poland.

Origin and Evolution of Primitive Man by Albert Churchwood 1912 A.D. Page 12: "But Gentlemen, it was in Africa that the little pygmy was first evolved, and from here these little men spread all over the world, North, East, South, West, until not only in Africa , but in Europe, Asia, North and South America and Oceania were populated by them."

Jomon Skull

  Page 13; "The Pygmy evolution is in the following order; Bushmen, Masaba Negro, Nilotic Negro, Masi, Mongoloids, and then the so called Aryanist." "Outside Africa they still exist in New Guinea, New Hebrides, the forest of Bolivia, the mountains in China, the Philippine islands, the Sakais, Malay Peninsula, and in Northern India." "They have been exterminated in Europe, North America, Japan, Australia and Tasmania."

The Archaeology and prehistoric annals os Scotland by Sir Daniel Wilson 1851 A.D. Page 477:
"Thus the Cruithne and Piccardach, or Northern and Southern Picts of Scotland, are frequently distinguished by Welsh chroniclers as the Gwyddyl duon and the Gwyddyl gwyn, or 'Black' and fair Gaels." "Perhaps the term Du-Caledones (Di-Caledones), by which the Romans distinguished the Northern from the Vecturiones or Southern Picts, is only a combination of the Celtic du or dubh, 'Black', with the generic name adopted by them."

Prehistoric Europe, Black, Aurignacians, Bushman

On the matter of credibility: On first reading, readers of these pages generally feel amazement, the immense contribution of Black people to the first civilisations everywhere, including Europe, is particularly unsettling to them. Both Black and White, because they were taught that there were no Blacks in Europe until the Greek, Romans, Arab or Slave trade brought them. Including migrating purely to build the London underground system.

Combe Capelle Man

Then some people of Colours correctly say: Uh huh, I knew they were lying, and then go on to enjoy their edification without any further research. But our Caucasian cousins and some people of Colours remain incredulous, they say: this is simply Blacks with no accomplishments, trying to steal White accomplishment and history! They say, if this was true, my Teachers and Professors would have taught it to me. So either this is lies, or the information is so new that my Teachers and Professors don't know about it yet!

Well yes, some Teachers and Professors, genuinely do not know about this, though it may be comforting to believe that those that knows, are of sufficient character that they would not lie to you, the facts do not support that conclusion. And for those Teachers and Professors, who did tell the truth, had their work suppressed.

The fact is that European scientists had evidence, and knew from earlier that the 19th century, of the Black mans central role in settling and establishing civilisation in Europe and everywhere else. Evidence will be provided which attest to the fact that this knowledge was known over a hundred years ago.

For those Teachers and Professors, who genuinely do not know, has been very poorly educated about Black history in maintaining the status-quo. However, without the excellent researches done by many eminent Caucasian scientist past and present, we will have little or no evidence. Thank you.
The Aurignacians found the Moustierian or Neander-thaler in France, and during all the changes sketched above, the former seem to have held their own in that country. After the Wurm Ice Age the Aurignacians modified their weapons and mode of life, and, after the theory which we have adopted, became the men of La Madeleine.

Grimaldi Negroid

These Aurignacians and their Magdalenian descendants pervaded all Central and Southern Europe. Their remains have also been discovered in Valetta (Malta), in Phoenicia (Nahr Antelias), and elsewhere. But during this long period of time two other races also succeeded in entering France and Italy.

These were a "negroid," perhaps pygmy, folk and the men of Solutrean. We have seen that the Aurignacian was originally an African, and if he traversed North Africa on his way from Egypt and Mesopotamia, it would have been a very remarkable fact if he had not come in contact with the African pygmy or his ancestors, for the Bushman, Wam-battu, and the other pygmies are the oldest African race known to us.

The "negroid" discovered by Dr. Verneau in the Grotte du Grimaldi, though differing greatly from modern Bushmen, show that the Aurignacians were acquainted with a negroid stock, which may perhaps be assumed to be an ancestor of, or allied to, the pygmy. It is difficult to say exactly what was the relation between the Aurignacian and this "negroid" race.

Moreover, since the discovery of this burial, characteristic skulls of the same negroid affinity have been found in Spain, in Brittany (of Neolithic date), at Sierra (not earlier than the thirteenth century), in Sardinia, at Ostorf, and perhaps in Caithness.

Prehistoric Times by James Anderson 1911 AD: "The first inhabitants of southern Europe, northern Africa, Arabia, France and the British Islands were a race of small men, who did not average in height more than 4 feet 5 inches. " "They were of slight build, with dark complextion." "They were an African people."

Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall 1907 AD: Footprint of Vanished Races in Cornwall: Page 281, first paragraph: Aetas and Mamanouas, dwarf races of the Philippine islands, and Andaman Islands, who are known as the Mincopies. In Africa new dwarfs Krapf and Obangos were found by M. Du-Chailu. The 'Akkas' pigmies were discovered in the heart of Central Africa, by Sweinfurth, in 1879 A.D.

Ancient Canaan, Keret, Daniel, Danatay

Demi-gods and Heroes: Keret: Keret was a king (of Khubur?) and possibly the son of El (this may be an expression for a fortunate person) who lost his estate and his successive eight wives to death, disease, and accident before any one of them could produce an heir. Having fallen asleep in tears, he is visited by El in a dream and offered kingship and riches to assuage his sorrow. This is ineffective as Keret only desires sons and heirs. El directs him to make an animal and wine sacrifice to El and Baal on the tower and then muster an army to lay siege to the city of Udm. There, Keret is to refuse offers from the Udm's king Pabil and demand his daughter, the fair Huray. Keret does as instructed, vowing to himself to give Huray an enormous sum of wealth upon his success.

Returning to his estate with Huray, Keret is blessed by El at Baal's behest and is promised eight sons, the first of which, Yassib, shall have Athirat and Anat as nursemaids. In addition, Huray will bear eight daughters all of whom as blessed as a first-born child. Athirat calls attention to Keret's promise of wealth to Huray which he has yet to fulfill. Later, Keret and Huray prepare a great feast for the lords of Khubur. Later still Keret has become deathly ill and Huray entreats guests at a feast to morn for him and make sacrifices on his behalf.

The household is tense and Keret's son Elhu, despondently visits his father. Keret tells him not to sorrow, but to send for his sympathetic sister, Keret's daughter Thitmanat ('the eighth one'). Her sympathy, heighted Keret expects from her surprise at his state will evoke the attention of the gods during a sacrifice he intends to perform. Indeed she weeps readily when the truth is revealed. Meanwhile, the rains have ceased with Keret's illness, but return after a ceremony on Mt. Zephon. El convenes an assembly of the gods and dispatches the demoness Sha'taqat who cures Keret. Keret's son and heir Yassib, unaware of his father's cure entreats him to surrender his throne as he has been remiss in his duties, but Yassib is rebuffed and cursed.

Daniel: 'He of Harnan', a devotee of Rapiu (Baal) and a patriarchal king. Like Keret, Daniel is in mourning because unlike his brothers he had no sons. So, for several days he sacrificed food and drink to the gods. On the seventh day, Baal takes notice and successfully petitions El to allow Daniel and his wife, Danatay, to have a child, citing, among other reasons, that the child will be able to continue the contributions and sacrifices to their temples. El informs Daniel of his impending change of fortune. He rejoices and slaughters an ox for the Kotharat, pouring sacrifices to them for six days and watching them depart on the seventh. During some missing columns, Danatay gives birth to Aqhat. Later, Kothar-and-Khasis arrives with a specially crafted bow and arrows set for Aqhat.

Daniel and Danatay hold a feast, inviting the god, and Daniel presents Aqhat with the bow reminding him to sacrifice the choices game to the gods. When Aqhat is slain, Daniel's daughter Pughat notices the eagles and the drought and becomes upset. Daniel prays that Baal might return the rains and travels among the fields coaxing the few living plants to grow and wishing that Aqhat were there to help harvest them. Pughat informs him of Aqhat's demise. Daniel then swears vengeance upon his son's slayer.

In succession he spies some eagles, Hirgab, and Sumul. He calls upon Baal to break their wings and breast-bones, then he searches their insides for Aqhat's remains. Initially not finding them, he asks Baal to restore the eagles and Hirgab. Finding Aqhat's remains within Sumul, he buries him and calls upon Baal to break the bones of any eagle that my disturb them and curses the lands near which his son was slain.

 His court goes into mourning for seven years, at which time Daniel dismisses the mourners and burns incense in sacrifice to the gods. Pughat prays to the gods to bless her in her venture and disguises herself as Anat, intending to wreck vengeance upon those who slew Aqhat.

Aqhat: The much anticipated child of Daniel and Danatay, Aqhat is presented with a bow and arrows set made by Kothar-and-Khasis early in his life by his father at a feast. Daniel reminds him to take the best of his kills to the temple for the gods. At the feast Anat offers Aqhat riches and eternal life if he would give her the bow.

When he refuses, she promises to deliver vengeance upon him should he ever transgress. Presumably he fails to offer his best kills to the gods. Later he follows a disguised Anat to Qart-Abilim but presumably thwarts her new scheme to acquire his bow and lives there for a time, possibly under the favor of Yarikh. He is left on a mountain and while sitting for a meal is attacked by Anat's attendant Yatpan in the form of an eagle, along with other birds of prey, and is slain. Following his death, the land is poisoned and there is a period of famine and drought. Daniel recovers his son's remains from the eagle S,umul.

Later, Daniel visits the underworld, probably in hopes of recovering Aqhat, and there encounters the Rephaim. Pughat: She is one of Daniel and Danatay's daughters. When Aqhat is slain, She notices the eagles and the drought and becomes upset. Daniel prays that Baal might return the rains and travels among the fields coaxing the few living plants to grow and wishing that Aqhat were there to help harvest them. Pughat encounters Aqhat's servants and learns of his demise. After seven years of Daniel's court mourning, Daniel dismisses the mourners and burns incense in sacrifice to the gods. Pughat prays to the gods to bless her in her venture and disguises herself as Anat, intending to wreck vengeance upon those who slew Aqhat. She arrives and meets Yatpan, accepting his wine, and the rest is missing.

Little is certain about the cosmology of the Canaanites. While the Ugaritic texts tell us of El, Athirat, and Rahmay's creation of the gracious gods, for the creation of the universe we must rely on the Greek sources of Philo of Byblos, Athenaeus, and Damascius, which are thoroughly drenched in Greek cosmology. In general they relate that from gods like chaos, ether, air, wind and desire was produced the egg Mot, which was probably not the same Mot as found in Ugarit. The egg was populated with creatures who remained motionless until it was opened, whence the sky and heavenly bodies were formed. Later the waters were separated from the sky, and gods of El's generation were formed. Additional hints about the divine geography gathered from the Ugarit texts are included below:

Mt. Lel: Where the assembly of the gods meet. It is El's abode and the source of the rivers and two oceans, as well as where those waters meet those of the firmament. It lies 'two layers beneath the wells of the earth, three spans beneath its marshes.' It had been thought to be a field and not a mountain. The mansion there has eight entrances and seven chambers. hmry 'Miry' Mot's city in the underworld, "where a pit is the throne on which he sits, filth the land of his heritage." (Gibson p. 66)

The underworld 'The place of freedom'. The Aramaeans believed that the souls of the blessed dead ate with Baal-Hadad. Targhizizi and Tharumagi: These are the twin mountains which hold the firmament up above the earth-circling ocean, thereby bounding the earth. The entrance to the underworld and Shapshu's 'grave'. It is entered by lifting up a rock to a wooded height. The entrance is bounded by a river-shore land of pasture and fields known ironicly as "Pleasure" or "Delight".
Ughar or Inbab This is the location of Anat's mansion.

Mt. Zephon
Either the mountain is deified and holy, godlike in proportion, or El has a pavilion there. It has recesses within which Baal holds his feast. Baal had his first house of cedar and brick there, as well as his second house of gold, silver, and lapis-lazuli. When last we left Canaan, Judaea had been destroyed, and in 70 A.D, the city of Jerusalem had also been destroyed. Not much was left.

Ancient Canaan, Kathirat, Athtar, Elsh, Baal, Eshmun, Molech

Kotharat (was thought to be Kathirat) 'skillful' They are a group of goddesses associated with conception and childbirth. '...The swallow-like daughters of the crescent moon.' (Gibson p. 106). They are also associated with the new moon. They attend Daniel for seven days to aid in the conception of Aqhat and receive his sacrifice.

 Athtar (Ashtar, 'Athtar, Atra of the sky) 'the terrible' He is a son of Athirat, possibly a god of the desert or of artificial irrigation. He is sometimes a suitor of Pidray. As the great god of the Sabeans and Himyar (both South Arabian states), he was identified with Venus and was sired by the moon on the sun. He looses his kingship to Yam at the behest of El and is warned off from an attack on Yam by Shapshu. He complains to her of his lack of status, palace and court.

Canaan God

He attempts to take Baal's place at his throne while Baal is dead, but he is too small for the seat and rejects it, becoming king of the earth instead. Sheger ('offspring of cattle') He is the god of cattle
Ithm He is the god of sheep Hirgab He is the father of the eagles. S,umul She is the mother of the eagles. She ate the body of Aqhat.

Elsh He is the steward (carpenter?) of El and of Baal's house. His wife is the stewardess (carpenter?) of the goddesses. Sha'taqat 'drives away' She is the flying demoness who drives away Keret's disease on behalf of El with a touch of her wand to his head. 'god(s) of the fathers' They are ancestral or clan deities, commonly associated with one family or another, outside of the main pantheon.
Nikkal-and-Ib 'great lady and clear/bright/fruit' or 'Great goddess of fruit' (Ningal) She is possibly the daughter of Dagon of Tuttul, or else of Khirkhib. She is romanced by Yarikh and marries him after Yarikh arranges a brideprice with Khirkhib and pays it to her parents.

Khirkhib (was thought to be Hiribi), king of summer, king of the raiding season (autumn) He is probably a Hurrian deity. He acts as a matchmaker between Yarikh and Nikkal-and-Ib, initially trying to dissuade Yarikh from pursuing her suggesting Pidray and Ybrdmy as alternative choices.
Dagon of Tuttul He is a Syrian version of Dagon, and the probable father of Nikkal-and-Ib. Ugarit's Dagon was the father of Baal and may have been identified with El. There were also temples to Dagon in Mari and Emar. To the Phoenicians, he was a god of wheat and the inventor of the plow. The Philistines adopted him as their own and depicted him with the upper torso of a man and the back half of a fish. (See also the Assyro-Babylonian Dagan and the Hittite Kumarbi)
Baal-Shamen(Baal-Shamain) 'lord of the skies'

Lord of the Assembly of the gods at Gubla. He was the great god of the Aramaean kingdoms of Hama and Laash and the protector of their rulers. Milqart (Melqart, Baal Tsur, Milkashtart?) - 'king of the city', the hunter, 'fire of heaven'. Patron god of Tyre, he was the god of the Metropolis and of the monarchy at Tyre and Carthage. His cult spread throughout the Mediterranean region, but has not been found at second millenium sites. As with the Babylonian Nergal/Erra, he has been identified with Heracles archetypes. Greek sources imply that he was a dying and rising vegetation god, and that he was associated with the sacred marriage like the Sumerian god, Dumuzi. He was ritually immolated in an annual festival. He was also a god of the sea and was pictured mounted on a hippocampus.

Eshmun 'the holy prince' He was a god of healing and the great god in Sidon. He was known in Tyre, Cyprus, and Carthage, but not in Ugarit. In the 5th century AD, Damascius identified him with the Greek god Asclepius. Chaos gods, Death Gods, and Baneful gods. Yam (Nahar, Yaw, Lotan?, Leviathan?) He is god of sea and rivers, he dwells in a palace under the sea. He carries a feud with Baal. He may have had in his following a dragon (tnn) which lives in the sea, a serpent (btn), and/or Lotan/Leviathan, or may have been all of those creatures.

He is given kingship by El. He threatens vast destruction until El names him 'beloved of El' and sends him on his way to oust Baal. Upbraided by Kothar-and-Khasis, he dispatches messengers to El to demand the delivery of Baal. Baal strikes him with Yagrush and Chaser in the chest and forehead, knocking him down. He is slain and scattered at the urging of Athtart. The battle may have been representative of rough winter sea-storms which calmed in the spring and which were preceded and accompanied by autumn rains which ended summer droughts and enabled crops to grow.

Arsh: The 'darling of the gods', a monstrous attendant of Yam, slain by Anat. Arsh lives in the sea.
Atik: The 'calf of El', an enemy of Baal. Slain by Anat. Ishat (fire) The 'bitch of the gods', an enemy of Baal, slain by Anat. Zabib (flame? flies?) The daughter of El, an enemy of Baal, slain by Anat.
Mot (-and-Shar) 'Death and Prince/Dissolution/Evil' 'the beloved one'- Mot is the god of sterility, death, and the underworld. In one hand he holds the scepter of bereavement, and in the other the scepter of widowhood. His jaws and throat are described in cosmic proportions and serve as a euphemism for death. When he has influence over Shapshu, it is unusually hot and dry. He sits on a pit for a throne in the city of Miry in the underworld.

Prior to the conception of the gracious gods, he is pruned and felled like a vine by the vine dressers. He is favored by El following Baal's defeat of Yam and Baal refuses him tribute. When Baal's messengers deliver him an invitation to feast at Baal's new palace, he is insulted that he is offered bread and wine and not the flesh he hungers for. In fact, he threatens to defeat Baal as Baal did Leviathan, causing the sky to wilt and then eat Baal himself. Baal would then visit his palace in the underworld. He is pleased that Baal submits to him. Baal goes to the underworld and either he or his substitute is eaten by Mot. Presumably the sons of Athirat had some part in his death.

Baal

After seven years of famine, Anat seizes Mot, splits, winnows, sows and grinds him like corn. Baal eventually returns and defeats Mot's allies. After seven years Mot returns and demands Baal's brother, lest he wipe out humanity. Baal rebuffs him and the two have a mighty battle, but are separated by Shapshu who declares Baal to have E 's favor. 'The yellow ones of Mot' Mot's henchmen who are slain by Baal upon his return. Horon He is probably a chthonic deity. Resheph 'prince Resheph' is the god of pestilence. aklm - 'the devourers' These are some creatures who fought Baal-Hadad in the desert, they remind some of grasshoppers. Rephaim (Rpum) - 'shades'

These are deities of the underworld whom Daniel meets in his journey there. They may have been involved in negotiations with him for the return of his son Aqhat. Eight of them led by Repu-Baal (Rapiu? Baal?) arrive at a feast given by El in chariots, on horseback, and on wild asses. Molech (Melech, Malik, Milcom?, Milqart?) Not explicitly found in the Ugarit texts, Molech is a bit of an enigma. He shows up in the Old Testament in Leviticus 18 and 20, 1 Kings 11, 2 Kings 23, and Jeremiah 32. From that he appears to be a god of the Ammonites - a region west of the Jordon – it is said that worshipers there, sacrificed children in fires at temples, some of which were in the Valley of Hinnom, i.e. Gehenna, just south of Jerusalem.

The Old Testament also names the similarly spelt "Milcom" as a god of the Ammonites leading to the suspicion that they are the same god. Molech is probably not the original name of the deity. There has been a good deal of argument as to whether Molech could be identified with another foreign deity and which deity that would be, or whether molech was simply a term which referred to child sacrifice of any sort. The Canaanite gods Mot and Milqart of Tyre, and the Mesopotamian god Nergal, whom it is believed is somewhere referred to as Malik=king, are a couple of the prime candidates for being Molech.